{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,31]],"date-time":"2026-08-31T11:11:02Z","timestamp":1788174662403,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":5,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,9]],"date-time":"2021-03-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1615248000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000055","name":"National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000055","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009992","name":"Seattle Children's Research Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009992","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["aao-hnsfjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Otolaryngol.--head neck surg."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Thorough assessment of dynamic upper airway obstruction (UAO) in Robin sequence (RS) is critical, but traditional evaluation modalities have significant limitations. Four\u2010dimensional computed tomography (4D\u2010CT) is promising in that it enables objective and quantitative evaluation throughout all phases of respiration. However, there exist few protocols or analysis tools to assist in obtaining and interpreting the vast amounts of obtained data. A protocol and set of data analysis tools were developed to enable quantification and visualization of dynamic 4D\u2010CT data. This methodology was applied to a sample case at 2 time points. In the patient with RS, overall increases in normalized airway caliber were observed from 5 weeks to 1 year. There was, however, continued dynamic obstruction at all airway levels, though objective measures of UAO did improve at the nasopharynx and oropharynx. Use of 4D\u2010CT and novel analyses provide additional quantitative information to evaluate UAO in patients with RS.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/01945998211002156","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,9]],"date-time":"2021-03-09T12:31:12Z","timestamp":1615293072000},"page":"905-908","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["4D Computed Tomography for Dynamic Upper Airway Evaluation in Robin Sequence"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"165","author":[{"given":"Austin S.","family":"Lam","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pediatric Otolaryngology Seattle Children\u2019s Hospital Seattle Washington USA"},{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck Surgery University of Washington Seattle Washington USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael D.","family":"Bindschadler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology School of Medicine University of Washington Seattle Washington USA"},{"name":"Department of Radiology Seattle Children\u2019s Hospital Seattle Washington USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kelly N.","family":"Evans","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics School of Medicine University of Washington Seattle Washington USA"},{"name":"Craniofacial Center Seattle Children\u2019s Hospital Seattle Washington USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Seth D.","family":"Friedman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology School of Medicine University of Washington Seattle Washington USA"},{"name":"Department of Radiology Seattle Children\u2019s Hospital Seattle Washington USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jeffrey P.","family":"Otjen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology School of Medicine University of Washington Seattle Washington USA"},{"name":"Department of Radiology Seattle Children\u2019s Hospital Seattle Washington USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carlton J.","family":"Zdanski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck Surgery and Pediatrics University of North Carolina Chapel Hill North Carolina USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francisco A.","family":"Perez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology School of Medicine University of Washington Seattle Washington USA"},{"name":"Department of Radiology Seattle Children\u2019s Hospital Seattle Washington USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John P.","family":"Dahl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pediatric Otolaryngology Seattle Children\u2019s Hospital Seattle Washington USA"},{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck Surgery University of Washington Seattle Washington USA"},{"name":"Craniofacial Center Seattle Children\u2019s Hospital Seattle Washington USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2010\u20102615"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1055665618756706"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapediatrics.2016.0796"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaoto.2016.1010"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","unstructured":"Alliance for Quality Computed Tomography.Pediatric routine head CT protocols version 1.1. 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