{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T21:01:07Z","timestamp":1790283667127,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,15]],"date-time":"2021-06-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1623715200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["aao-hnsfjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Otolaryngol.--head neck surg."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>Autologous reconstruction of microtia is advantageous due to its inherent biocompatibility and long\u2010term stability, but postoperative pain associated with costal harvest is a significant issue. A well\u2010planned pain management approach is imperative. Our objective is to introduce the novel application of erector spinae block anesthesia in pediatric microtia reconstruction and evaluate its impact on pain scores, use of opioids, and hospital length of stay.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Study Design<\/jats:title><jats:p>Case series with chart review.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Setting<\/jats:title><jats:p>Patients undergoing stage 1\u00a0microtia reconstruction at a tertiary pediatric hospital.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Data collected included demographics, opioid amounts, Wong\u2010Baker FACES Pain Rating Scale scores, opioid\u2010related side effects, and hospital length of stay. We used generalized estimating equations to examine the effect of erector spinae block use on total opioid use and pain scores and a linear regression model to assess the effect on hospital stay.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Forty\u2010seven patients were included: 14\u00a0in the erector spinae block group and 33\u00a0in the continuous wound pump group. The mean age was 8.3 years (SD, 2; range, 6\u201013), and 13 (32%) were female. Patients in the erector spinae block group had a 65.44% decrease in adjusted total opioid use (95% CI, \u201379.72% to \u201341.10%; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt;. 0001), a decrease in length of hospital stay (\u03b2 = \u22121.69 [95% CI, \u22122.11 to \u22121.26], <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt;. 0001), and no difference in reported pain scores when compared with patients in the continuous wound pump group.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study demonstrates that early experience with an erector spinae block resulted in decreased opioid use and shorter hospital stay as compared with continuous wound infiltration with local anesthetic.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/01945998211018382","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,15]],"date-time":"2021-06-15T04:39:27Z","timestamp":1623731967000},"page":"382-387","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Microtia Reconstruction and Erector Spinae Block in Children: A Case Series With Chart Review"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"166","author":[{"given":"Gabriel","family":"Gomez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Otolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck Surgery Children\u2019s Hospital Los Angeles Los Angeles California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Beth","family":"Osterbauer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Otolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck Surgery Children\u2019s Hospital Los Angeles Los Angeles California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert","family":"Nguyen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Keck School of Medicine University of Southern California Los Angeles California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Choo Phei","family":"Wee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Saban Research Institute Children\u2019s Hospital Los Angeles Los Angeles California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amit","family":"Kochhar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Otolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck Surgery Children\u2019s Hospital Los Angeles Los Angeles California USA"},{"name":"Pacific Neuroscience Institute of St. Johns Providence Health Santa Monica California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tymon","family":"Tai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Keck School of Medicine University of Southern California Los Angeles California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carl (Yuan\u2010Feng)","family":"Lo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine Children\u2019s Hospital Los Angeles Los Angeles California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sang","family":"Le","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine Children\u2019s Hospital Los Angeles Los Angeles California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eugene","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine Children\u2019s Hospital Los Angeles Los Angeles California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shiu\u2010Yi","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine Children\u2019s Hospital Los Angeles Los Angeles California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fsc.2017.09.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamafacial.2014.30"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2017\u20102439"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2016.05.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2016.06.026"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","first-page":"43","article-title":"Comparison of postoperative pain relief by intercostal block between pre\u2010rib harvest and post\u2010rib harvest groups","volume":"24","author":"Bashir MM","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Coll Physicians Surg Pak"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/AAP.0000000000000451"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinane.2018.09.036"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","unstructured":"American Society of Regional Anesthesia and Pain Medicine.ASRA news: how I do it. 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