{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,16]],"date-time":"2026-06-16T22:39:41Z","timestamp":1781649581581,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,8]],"date-time":"2022-02-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1644278400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100014450","name":"Anschutz Medical Campus, University of Colorado","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100014450","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000055","name":"National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["K23DC014747"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["K23DC014747"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000055","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["aao-hnsfjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Otolaryngol.--head neck surg."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>Sex discrepancies have been reported in chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS), but limited data exist exploring sex\u2010specific biological processes and sinonasal quality of life.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Study Design<\/jats:title><jats:p>Prospective cohort.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Setting<\/jats:title><jats:p>Academic medical center.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Demographics, clinical data, and sinonasal mucus were collected from patients with CRS presenting for surgical consideration over a 5\u2010year period. A random forest model and linear regression were used to assess predictor variables for the 22\u2010item Sino\u2010Nasal Outcome Test (SNOT\u201022) and subdomains. Enzyme\u2010linked immunosorbent assays were used to measure substance P and tryptase in a subset of mucus samples to explore biological differences by sex.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>In total, 520 patients were studied (mean age 48.3 years, 50.9% female). Males were older (50.1 vs 46.6 years, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> =. 008), had more polyp disease (48.2% vs 35.5%, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> =. 004), and had higher mean Lund\u2010Mackay CT score (11.3 vs 9.5, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> =. 004). Females had a higher overall mean SNOT\u201022 (40.9 vs 46.9, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> =. 001) and higher scores in ear\/facial, psychological, and sleep domains (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt;. 01). Age, objective disease measures, and sex were top predictors for total SNOT\u201022. Neither mucus substance P or tryptase, alone or paired with sex, correlated with total SNOT\u201022. Analysis of mucus biomarkers by sex revealed correlation between mucus tryptase in females with the extranasal subdomain (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> =. 01).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Sex differences exist in CRS disease manifestations and presentation for surgical consideration. Detection of mucus (substance P and tryptase) was reliable, but in this exploratory study, we were not able to establish neurogenic or allergic inflammatory processes as a large source of differential disease features between sexes.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/01945998221076468","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,8]],"date-time":"2022-02-08T12:15:21Z","timestamp":1644322521000},"page":"583-589","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":26,"title":["Examination of Sex Differences in a Chronic Rhinosinusitis Surgical Cohort"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"167","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2980-5243","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Laylaa","family":"Ramos","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Colorado School of Medicine Aurora Colorado USA"},{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck Surgery University of Colorado School of Medicine Aurora Colorado USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Conner J.","family":"Massey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck Surgery University of Colorado School of Medicine Aurora Colorado USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Annapoorani","family":"Asokan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Texas Southwestern Medical School Dallas Texas USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John D.","family":"Rice","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biostatistics University of Colorado School of Medicine Aurora Colorado USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Miranda","family":"Kroehl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biostatistics University of Colorado School of Medicine Aurora Colorado USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vijay R.","family":"Ramakrishnan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck Surgery University of Colorado School of Medicine Aurora Colorado USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2011.08.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005537-200307000-00016"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1398-9995.2011.02646.x"},{"issue":"260","key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","article-title":"Summary health statistics for U.S. adults: National Health Interview Survey, 2012","author":"Blackwell DL","year":"2014","journal-title":"Vital Health Stat 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