{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,21]],"date-time":"2025-10-21T00:35:56Z","timestamp":1761006956738,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,9]],"date-time":"2022-08-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1660003200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["aao-hnsfjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Otolaryngol.--head neck surg."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>To psychophysically evaluate olfaction in patients with laryngopharyngeal reflux (LPR).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Study Design<\/jats:title><jats:p>Prospective controlled study.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Setting<\/jats:title><jats:p>Tertiary medical center.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>From January 2021 to January 2022, patients with LPR diagnosed with hypopharyngeal\u2010esophageal multichannel intraluminal impedance\u2010pH monitoring underwent psychophysical evaluation of the sense of smell. Reflux symptoms and findings were assessed with the Reflux Symptom Score (RSS) and Reflux Sign Assessment (RSA). Nasal symptoms were assessed through the Sino\u2010Nasal Outcome Test 22 (SNOT\u201022). From pre\u2010 to posttreatment, patients underwent identification Sniffin\u2019 Sticks test and olfactory cleft examination. Clinical outcomes were compared between LPR patients and healthy individuals.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>In total, 107 patients and 76 healthy individuals completed the evaluations. LPR patients reported significant higher RSS, RSA, and SNOT\u201022 scores. Psychophysical olfactory evaluations were significantly lower in reflux patients compared with controls, while there were no significant differences in olfactory cleft score. RSS and RSA significantly improved from baseline to 3 months posttreatment. SNOT\u201022, olfactory cleft endoscopy scale, and psychophysical olfactory evaluations did not change throughout treatment. Patients with higher number of acid pharyngeal reflux events reported lower psychophysical olfactory scores (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = .025).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>LPR disease was associated with low odor identification results in patients without olfactory cleft abnormalities. The sense of smell did not improve after 3\u2010month therapy. Future controlled studies using threshold, discrimination, and identification testing are needed.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/01945998221117469","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,9]],"date-time":"2022-08-09T12:01:10Z","timestamp":1660046470000},"page":"366-371","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["A Prospective Controlled Study Investigating Odor Identification in Laryngopharyngeal Reflux"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"168","author":[{"given":"Jerome R.","family":"Lechien","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2013Head &amp; Neck Surgery, Foch Hospital, School of Medicine, UFR Simone Veil Universit\u00e9 Versailles Saint\u2010Quentin\u2010en\u2010Yvelines (Paris Saclay University)  Paris France"},{"name":"Department of Human Anatomy and Experimental Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, UMONS Research Institute for Health Sciences and Technology University of Mons (UMons)  Mons Belgium"},{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2013Head &amp; Neck Surgery CHU Saint\u2010Pierre (CHU de Bruxelles)  Brussels Belgium"},{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology Elsan Hospital  Paris France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Stephane","family":"Hans","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2013Head &amp; Neck Surgery, Foch Hospital, School of Medicine, UFR Simone Veil Universit\u00e9 Versailles Saint\u2010Quentin\u2010en\u2010Yvelines (Paris Saclay University)  Paris France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Luigi A.","family":"Vaira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Maxillofacial Surgery University Hospital of Sassari  Sassari Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Paolo","family":"Boscolo\u2010Rizzo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Otolaryngology, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Health Sciences University of Trieste  Trieste Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lisa G.","family":"De Marrez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2013Head &amp; Neck Surgery, Foch Hospital, School of Medicine, UFR Simone Veil Universit\u00e9 Versailles Saint\u2010Quentin\u2010en\u2010Yvelines (Paris Saclay University)  Paris France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Robin","family":"Baudouin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2013Head &amp; Neck Surgery, Foch Hospital, School of Medicine, UFR Simone Veil Universit\u00e9 Versailles Saint\u2010Quentin\u2010en\u2010Yvelines (Paris Saclay University)  Paris France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alexandrea","family":"Gheorghe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2013Head &amp; Neck Surgery, Foch Hospital, School of Medicine, UFR Simone Veil Universit\u00e9 Versailles Saint\u2010Quentin\u2010en\u2010Yvelines (Paris Saclay University)  Paris France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andra","family":"Sebestyen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2013Head &amp; Neck Surgery, Foch Hospital, School of Medicine, UFR Simone Veil Universit\u00e9 Versailles Saint\u2010Quentin\u2010en\u2010Yvelines (Paris Saclay University)  Paris France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Charlotte","family":"Loubieres","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2013Head &amp; Neck Surgery, Foch Hospital, School of Medicine, UFR Simone Veil Universit\u00e9 Versailles Saint\u2010Quentin\u2010en\u2010Yvelines (Paris Saclay University)  Paris France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Petros 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