{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,17]],"date-time":"2026-07-17T23:28:43Z","timestamp":1784330923926,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,23]],"date-time":"2022-08-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1661212800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["aao-hnsfjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Otolaryngol.--head neck surg."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>The objective of this study was to characterize the risk factors for posterior glottic injury (PGI) in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID\u201019) who underwent prolonged intubation.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Study Design<\/jats:title><jats:p>This was a case\u2010control study designed to assess the risk factors associated with development of PGI in COVID\u201019 patients who underwent prolonged intubation.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Setting<\/jats:title><jats:p>This single\u2010center study was conducted at a tertiary care academic hospital in a metropolitan area.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We retrospectively reviewed patients who underwent prolonged intubation (\u22657 days) for COVID\u201019 and compared those with PGI to those without. Patient demographics, comorbidities, and intubation characteristics were compared. Factors associated with PGI development among COVID\u201019 patients were assessed using multivariate regression.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>We identified 56 patients who presented with PGI following prolonged intubation for COVID\u201019 and 60 control patients who underwent prolonged intubation for COVID\u201019 but did not develop PGI. On univariate analyses, the number of reintubations due to failed extubation efforts was significantly associated with development of PGI (odds ratio [OR], 2.9; 95% CI, 1.4\u20106.2). On multivariate analyses, patients with cardiovascular disease (OR, 3.3; 95% CI, 1.2\u20109.0); non\u2013COVID\u201019 respiratory illnesses, which included obstructive sleep apnea and asthma (OR, 5.9; 95% CI, 2.0\u201017.8); and diabetes mellitus (OR, 11.6; 95% CI, 3.7\u201036.6) were more likely to develop PGI.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Our results represent the largest case\u2010control study investigating risk factors for PGI in the setting of prolonged intubation specific to COVID\u201019. Our study suggests a significant role of comorbidities associated with poor wound healing with development of PGI.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/01945998221120005","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,23]],"date-time":"2022-08-23T12:00:47Z","timestamp":1661256047000},"page":"372-376","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Posterior Glottic Injury Following Prolonged Intubation in COVID\u201019 Patients"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"168","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1004-7606","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Raymond J.","family":"So","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck Surgery, School of Medicine Johns Hopkins University  Baltimore Maryland USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hannah","family":"Kavookjian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck Surgery, School of Medicine Johns Hopkins University  Baltimore Maryland USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Esther","family":"Ben Or","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck Surgery, School of Medicine Johns Hopkins University  Baltimore Maryland USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Grace E.","family":"Snow","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck Surgery University of Maryland School of Medicine  Baltimore Maryland USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lee M.","family":"Akst","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck Surgery, School of Medicine Johns Hopkins University  Baltimore Maryland USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexander T.","family":"Hillel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck Surgery, School of Medicine Johns Hopkins University  Baltimore Maryland USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Simon R. A.","family":"Best","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck Surgery, School of Medicine Johns Hopkins University  Baltimore Maryland USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-5876(86)80053-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MOO.0000000000000671"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/000348948609500607"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005537-199705000-00022"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3174\/ajnr.A1980"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvoice.2013.08.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/000348941112000201"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.24956"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1288\/00005537-198403000-00014"},{"issue":"8","key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","first-page":"597","article-title":"Posterior glottic stenosis in adults","volume":"9","author":"Wolf M","year":"2007","journal-title":"Isr Med Assoc J"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0003489415608867"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0194599816675323"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0194599820929640"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","first-page":"419","volume-title":"Oxygen Transport to Tissue XIII","author":"Kamler M"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0094-1298(02)00066-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0194599810392894"},{"issue":"11","key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","first-page":"839","article-title":"Analysis of the risk factors causing tracheal stenosis after tracheotomy for mechanical ventilation in 560 patients [in Chinese]","volume":"42","author":"Wu X","year":"2007","journal-title":"Zhonghua Er Bi Yan Hou Tou Jing Wai Ke Za Zhi"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/16000617.0218-2020"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaoto.2020.4148"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/anae.15092"},{"issue":"9","key":"e_1_2_8_22_1","article-title":"Post\u2010extubation stridor complicating COVID\u201019\u2010associated acute respiratory distress syndrome: a case series","volume":"12","author":"Moran JV","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cureus"}],"container-title":["Otolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck Surgery"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/01945998221120005","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/01945998221120005","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/aao-hnsfjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/01945998221120005","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,20]],"date-time":"2025-10-20T11:04:34Z","timestamp":1760958274000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/aao-hnsfjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1177\/01945998221120005"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,23]]},"references-count":21,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,3]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/01945998221120005"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/01945998221120005","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0194-5998","1097-6817"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0194-5998","type":"print"},{"value":"1097-6817","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,23]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2022-02-01","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2022-07-13","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2022-08-23","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}