{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,20]],"date-time":"2025-10-20T18:37:05Z","timestamp":1760985425955,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":4,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,4,22]],"date-time":"2016-04-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1461283200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":13567,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["aao-hnsfjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Otolaryngol.--head neck surg."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1979,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>A study of otologic and audiologic screening of preschool children including tympanometry, acoustic reflexes, and pure\u2010tone screening was carried out at school sites. Subsequent pure\u2010tone threshold tests and otolaryngologic examinations were carried out in a hospital setting.<\/jats:p><jats:p>Complete data are available on 1,335 subjects, ages 3 through 5 years. Results are reported in comparison with those of an earlier Pittsburgh screening study.<jats:sup>1<\/jats:sup> The results of the earlier study showed that loss of hearing sensitivity could not be predicted by the otologic findings, and conversely, the otologic findings could not be predicted by the air conduction thresholds. The results of the present study showed a contribution by tympanometry and acoustic reflexes. The results are evaluated in terms of screening effectiveness in these age groups. One of the recommendations combines an interpretation of certain large negative tympanometric peak pressures (TPP) along with the absence of acoustic reflexes to certain stimuli. The method is more efficient than other aspects of middle ear measurement or of pure\u2010tone screening.<\/jats:p><jats:p>The efficiency of each procedure is documented. Summary matrices are used to show the effectiveness of each test compared to all other tests in the identification of subjects with hearing or middle ear dysfunction. A protocol for screening evaluation and otologic referral is suggested to effect a balance between over\u2010referral and correct identification.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/019459987908700216","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,4,8]],"date-time":"2016-04-08T21:45:24Z","timestamp":1460151924000},"page":"246-257","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Preschool Otologic and Audiologic Screening"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"87","author":[{"given":"Norma T.","family":"Hopkinson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine Eye and Ear Hospital of Pittsburgh Pittsburgh Pennsylvania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Victor L.","family":"Schramm","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine Eye and Ear Hospital of Pittsburgh Pittsburgh Pennsylvania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,4,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","first-page":"220","article-title":"Hearing sensitivity and related factors in children","author":"Eagles E","year":"1963","journal-title":"Laryngoscope"},{"volume-title":"Specifications for Audiometers","year":"1970","key":"e_1_2_1_3_1"},{"first-page":"17","volume-title":"Guidelines for Identification Audiometry","year":"1975","key":"e_1_2_1_4_1"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_1","first-page":"125","volume-title":"Impedance Screening for Middle Ear Disease in Children","author":"Hopkinson NT","year":"1978"}],"container-title":["Otolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck Surgery"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/019459987908700216","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/aao-hnsfjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/019459987908700216","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,20]],"date-time":"2025-10-20T09:33:04Z","timestamp":1760952784000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/aao-hnsfjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1177\/019459987908700216"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1979,3]]},"references-count":4,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1979,3]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/019459987908700216"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/019459987908700216","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0194-5998","1097-6817"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0194-5998"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1097-6817"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1979,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2016-04-22","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}