{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,6]],"date-time":"2026-01-06T13:20:45Z","timestamp":1767705645196,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":10,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,4,22]],"date-time":"2016-04-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1461283200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":13506,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["aao-hnsfjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Otolaryngol.--head neck surg."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1979,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Down's syndrome has been associated with hearing loss and otitis media. Because of difficulty in examination, however, there have been few detailed otologic studies on this population. An understanding of the nature and frequency of ear disease in Down's syndrome is important, since it is common and occurs in more than one in every 600 live births.<\/jats:p><jats:p>To define the aural manifestations of Down's syndrome, complete otologic and audiometric examination was performed on 107 consecutive patients. This included micropneumatic otoscopy, pure\u2010tone and speech audiometry, impedance tympanometry, and, in some cases, electronystagmography. Deficient hearing was found in 64% of these patients, and of these hearing losses, 83% were conductive.<\/jats:p><jats:p>Surprisingly, middle ear effusion or tympanic membrane perforation accounted for only 60% of the conductive hearing losses. This finding prompted us to examine five temporal bones of children with Down's syndrome. These histologic sections revealed middle ear abnormalities including fixation and superstructure deformity of the stapes and dehiscence of the fallopian canal. Operative findings in 16 procedures on patients with Down's syndrome and conductive hearing loss support those findings.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/019459987908700317","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,4,8]],"date-time":"2016-04-08T21:38:26Z","timestamp":1460151506000},"page":"372-384","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":49,"title":["Ossicular Abnormalities in Down's Syndrome"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"87","author":[{"given":"Thomas J.","family":"Balkany","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology University of Colorado Medical Center Denver Colorado"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Robert E.","family":"Mischke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology University of Colorado Medical Center Denver Colorado"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marion P.","family":"Downs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology University of Colorado Medical Center Denver Colorado"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bruce W.","family":"Jafek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology University of Colorado Medical Center Denver Colorado"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,4,22]]},"reference":[{"volume-title":"Normalization.","year":"1972","author":"Wolfensberger W","key":"e_1_2_1_2_1"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01433687"},{"volume-title":"The Child with Mongolism.","year":"1960","author":"Benda C","key":"e_1_2_1_4_1"},{"volume-title":"Otologic and audiometric findings in Down's syndrome.","year":"1977","author":"Balkany TJ","key":"e_1_2_1_5_1"},{"journal-title":"Clinical Pediatr","article-title":"Hearing loss in Down's syndrome: More common than generally recognized","author":"Balkany TJ","key":"e_1_2_1_6_1"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/00016487709128830"},{"volume-title":"The Pathology of Deafness.","year":"1971","author":"Wright MI","key":"e_1_2_1_8_1"},{"volume-title":"Inner ear conductive hearing loss.","year":"1978","author":"Mischke RE","key":"e_1_2_1_9_1"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1288\/00005537-197105000-00008"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_11_1","first-page":"473","article-title":"Congenital anomalies of the inner ear","volume":"12","author":"Jensen J","year":"1974","journal-title":"Radiol Clin North Am"}],"container-title":["Otolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck Surgery"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/019459987908700317","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/aao-hnsfjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/019459987908700317","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,20]],"date-time":"2025-10-20T13:53:18Z","timestamp":1760968398000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/aao-hnsfjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1177\/019459987908700317"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1979,5]]},"references-count":10,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1979,5]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/019459987908700317"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/019459987908700317","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0194-5998","1097-6817"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0194-5998"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1097-6817"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1979,5]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2016-04-22","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}