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Keratinization of large areas of normally columnar, ciliated epithelium was observed without frank keratoma formation. In over half of the most vitamin A\u2010deficient animals, acute otitis media with effusion was found. It is hypothesized that vitamin A deficiency disrupts the mucociliary clearing mechanism in the middle ear and eustachian tube, which may lead to effusion and otitis media.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/019459987908700618","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,4,8]],"date-time":"2016-04-08T21:38:34Z","timestamp":1460151514000},"page":"837-844","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Squamous Metaplasia of the Middle Ear Mucosa During Vitamin a Deprivation"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"87","author":[{"given":"Richard A.","family":"Chole","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology University of California, Davis, Medical Center Sacramento California"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,4,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM196108102650601"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.42.6.753"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_1","first-page":"55","article-title":"An electron microscopic study of metaplasia of the rat tracheal epithelium in vitamin A deficiency","volume":"24","author":"Wong YC","year":"1971","journal-title":"Lab Invest"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/000348947308200307"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0022215100054396"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/000348947208100205"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/00016486709128777"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_1","first-page":"1670","article-title":"Metabolism and function of vitamin A","volume":"28","author":"Olson JA","year":"1969","journal-title":"Fed Proc"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/23.2.231"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_11_1","first-page":"1170","article-title":"The biological role of vitamin A in maintaining epithelial tissue","volume":"8","author":"Olson JA","year":"1972","journal-title":"Isr J Med Sci"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/217527a0"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archotol.1967.00760050130002"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0003489474083S1102"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000399408"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/29.1.110"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_17_1","first-page":"69","volume-title":"Nutrition Problems in a Changing World","author":"Hegsted DM","year":"1973"}],"container-title":["Otolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck Surgery"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/019459987908700618","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/aao-hnsfjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/019459987908700618","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,20]],"date-time":"2025-10-20T08:41:18Z","timestamp":1760949678000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/aao-hnsfjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1177\/019459987908700618"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1979,11]]},"references-count":16,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1979,11]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/019459987908700618"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/019459987908700618","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0194-5998","1097-6817"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0194-5998"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1097-6817"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1979,11]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2016-04-22","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}