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A cause was generally not found, but two probably had nuclear dysgenesis; one may have had an intracanalicular lesion; two cases resulted from teratogens, one from poor intrauterine environment, and three from genetic complications. Five had total unilateral paralysis; one had bilateral palsy. Frequent associated anomalies were microtia\u2010atresia, hemifacial microsomia, facial clefts, Moebius syndrome, and congenital conductive sensorineural loss.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/019459988108900238","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,5]],"date-time":"2017-01-05T15:14:03Z","timestamp":1483629243000},"page":"336-342","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":28,"title":["Syndromes Associated with Congenital Facial Paralysis"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"89","author":[{"given":"Lavonne","family":"Bergstrom","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Head and Neck Surgery Center for the Health Sciences UCLA School of Medicine Los Angeles California"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bruce B.","family":"Baker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Plastic Surgery University of Colorado Medical Center Denver Colorado"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,12,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archotol.1969.00770020133024"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1288\/00005537-197206000-00009"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_1","first-page":"203","volume-title":"Syndromes of the Head and Neck","author":"Gorlin RJ","year":"1976"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1651-2227.1965.tb15616.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpedi.1929.01930120134014"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.44.233.69"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1288\/00005537-197610000-00003"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_1","first-page":"588","article-title":"Congenital aural atresia: An analysis of 311 cases","volume":"80","author":"Jafek JW","year":"1975","journal-title":"Trans Am Acad Ophthamol Otolaryngol"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S002221510006905X"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0022215100063234"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/019459988008800316"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_13_1","volume-title":"Pediatric Otolaryngology","author":"Bergstrom L","year":"1980"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_14_1","first-page":"216","volume-title":"Pathology of the Ear","author":"Friedmann I","year":"1974"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archotol.1975.00780370040015"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archotol.1975.00780390051014"}],"container-title":["Otolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck Surgery"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/019459988108900238","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/aao-hnsfjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/019459988108900238","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,20]],"date-time":"2025-10-20T10:22:43Z","timestamp":1760955763000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/aao-hnsfjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1177\/019459988108900238"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1981,3]]},"references-count":15,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1981,3]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/019459988108900238"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/019459988108900238","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0194-5998","1097-6817"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0194-5998","type":"print"},{"value":"1097-6817","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1981,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2016-12-11","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}