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The muscles were monitored to determine the change in their discharge with nasal obstruction, head posture, head extension, and swallowing. The results indicated that certain regions of the middle and inferior pharyngeal constrictors never discharged during deglutition. Extending the head could induce a tonic discharge in fibers of the middle pharyngeal constrictor for the duration of head extension. Placement of water in the hypopharynx not only induced a sustained laryngospasm but also a tonic discharge in the select fibers of the superior and middle pharyngeal constrictors. Changing from a supine to an upright posture, or obstructing the nasal cavity, could induce a rhythmic discharge. These studies indicate that there are functional components of fibers within each of the anatomically recognized pharyngeal constrictors.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/019459988409200404","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,11,25]],"date-time":"2015-11-25T07:00:12Z","timestamp":1448434812000},"page":"392-401","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Adaptation in the Function of Pharyngeal Constrictor Muscles"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"92","author":[{"given":"Lee D.","family":"Rowe","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia Pennsylvania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Arthur J.","family":"Miller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Craniofacial Center Department of Growth and Development University of California San Francisco California"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"G.","family":"Chierici","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Craniofacial Center Department of Growth and Development University of California San Francisco California"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"D.","family":"Clendenning","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology San Francisco General Hospital San Francisco California"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1984,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.1956.19.1.44"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ar.1091390314"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1962.17.2.209"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1956.8.6.580"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ar.1091390414"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_1","first-page":"430","volume-title":"Ventilatory and phonatory control systems","author":"Murakami Y.","year":"1974"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0014-4886(74)90003-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0014-4886(75)90063-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_1","first-page":"332","volume-title":"Otolaryngology","author":"Bosma JF","year":"1980"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.1977.03630150020008"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1978.44.6.931"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1982.52.2.438"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3476(82)80529-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_15_1","first-page":"51","article-title":"Selective movements of the lateral aspects of the pharyngeal walls during velopharyngeal closure for speech, blowing and whistling in normals","volume":"12","author":"Sprintzen RJ","year":"1975","journal-title":"Cleft Palate J"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0094-1298(20)30070-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1121\/1.380468"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000264155"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1044\/jshr.1703.497"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0003-9969(80)90071-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9416(82)90033-1"}],"container-title":["Otolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck Surgery"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/019459988409200404","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/aao-hnsfjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/019459988409200404","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,20]],"date-time":"2025-10-20T13:52:50Z","timestamp":1760968370000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/aao-hnsfjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1177\/019459988409200404"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1984,8]]},"references-count":20,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1984,8]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/019459988409200404"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/019459988409200404","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0194-5998","1097-6817"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0194-5998","type":"print"},{"value":"1097-6817","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1984,8]]}}}