{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,28]],"date-time":"2026-10-28T12:59:44Z","timestamp":1793192384224,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1986,7,1]],"date-time":"1986-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":520560000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Otolaryngol.--head neck surg."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1986,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>We have previously presented the concept of electrophysiologic pacing of bilaterally paralyzed vocal cord abductors as a solution to the difficult problem incurred in this clinical situation. Initially, we demonstrated that it was indeed feasible to electrophysiologically pace abduction of the vocal cords synchronously with respiration, employing the EMG activity of the diaphragm as a trigger stimulus. Further research has led us to evaluate other possible physiologic trigger stimuli to ascertain which of these will prove most suitable in long\u2010term pacing studies. In this article, we will report our preliminary results, employing negative intrathoracic pressure occurring with respiration\u2014as detected by an implanted pressure transducer as a trigger stimulus. This device was interfaced with a muscle stimulator attached to electrodes placed in the cricoarytenoid muscles in five canines whose recurrent laryngeal nerves had been sectioned bilaterally. In all animals, obvious physiologic synchrony of vocal cord abduction and a reduciton of negative inspiratory intratracheal pressure was achieved during electrical pacing. This reinforces our initial findings that it is indeed feasible to pace vocal cord abduction in bilaterial recurrent laryngeal nerve paralysis with resultant return of physiologic normality to the glottis. Thus, functional electrical stimulation offers an alternative approach to the difficult problems incurred in the patient with bilateral recurrent laryngeal nerve paralysis. It also demonstrates that physiologic negative intrathoracic pressure activity occurring with inspiration can be a trigger source.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/019459988609500111","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,11,25]],"date-time":"2015-11-25T07:02:53Z","timestamp":1448434973000},"page":"47-51","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Functional Electrical Stimulation for the Treatment of Bilaterial Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve Paralysis"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"95","author":[{"given":"Randal A.","family":"Otto","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Otolaryngology Department of Surgery University of Missouri\u2014Columbia Health Sciences Center Columbia Missouri"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"William","family":"Davis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Otolaryngology Department of Surgery University of Missouri\u2014Columbia Health Sciences Center Columbia Missouri"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1986,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archotol.1946.00680050073011"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_1","first-page":"380","article-title":"Cricoarytenoid arthrodesis","volume":"75","author":"Montgomery W","year":"1966","journal-title":"Ann Otolaryngol"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_1","first-page":"364","article-title":"Transoral intralaryngeal approach for arytenoidectomy in bilateral focal cord paralysis with inadequate airway","volume":"66","author":"Thornell W","year":"1957","journal-title":"Ann Otolaryngol"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1288\/00005537-197606000-00004"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_1","first-page":"451","article-title":"Surgical decompression of the recurrent laryngeal nerve in idiopathic unilateral vocal cord paresis","volume":"70","author":"Ogura J","year":"1961","journal-title":"Ann Otolaryngol"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archotol.1974.00780040445005"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1288\/00005537-196708000-00003"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_1","first-page":"161","article-title":"Suture of the recurrent laryngeal nerve with a report of a case","volume":"22","author":"Horsley J","year":"1909","journal-title":"Trans South Surg Gynecol Assoc"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archsurg.1926.01130010099003"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1288\/00005537-194609000-00004"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.2.3473.158"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/00016487009123367"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.1983.93.4.425"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_15_1","first-page":"101","article-title":"Functional electrotherapy: Stimulation of peroneal nerve synchronized with the swing phase on the gait of hemiplegic patients","volume":"42","author":"Liberson WT","year":"1961","journal-title":"Arch Phys Med Rehabil"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/00016487709128880"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_17_1","first-page":"812","article-title":"Contralaterally elicited electrical stimulation of paralyzed facial muscles","volume":"83","author":"Tobey DN","year":"1978","journal-title":"ORL J Otorhinolaryngol Relat Spec"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archotol.1984.00800280022007"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1288\/00005537-198410000-00022"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_20_1","unstructured":"OttoRA TemplerJW et al:Coordinated electrical pacing of vocal cord abductors in recurrent laryngeal nerve paralysis. Presented at the Annual Meeting of the American Academy of Otolaryngology\u2010Head and Neck Surgery Las Vegas Nev. Sept. 16\u201320 1984."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"OttoRA DavisWE:Electrophysiologic pacing of vocal cord abductors in bilateral recurrent laryngeal nerve paralysis. Presented at the Fifth Joint Meeting of the American Society for Head and Neck Surgery and The Society of Head and Neck Surgeons held in Cerromar Puerto Rico May 5\u20138 1985.","DOI":"10.1177\/019459988509300512"}],"container-title":["Otolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck Surgery"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/019459988609500111","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/aao-hnsfjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/019459988609500111","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,20]],"date-time":"2025-10-20T09:49:59Z","timestamp":1760953799000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/aao-hnsfjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1177\/019459988609500111"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1986,7]]},"references-count":20,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1986,7]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/019459988609500111"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/019459988609500111","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0194-5998","1097-6817"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0194-5998","type":"print"},{"value":"1097-6817","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1986,7]]}}}