{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,20]],"date-time":"2026-04-20T12:37:54Z","timestamp":1776688674896,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":16,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1990,4,1]],"date-time":"1990-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":638928000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Otolaryngol.--head neck surg."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1990,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>There is a substantial need for improvement of the hearing situation for patients with chronic middle ear or ear canal disorders. To improve hearing for these patients, two different bone conduction hearing systems have been developed. The Nobelpharma Auditory System HC 200\u2014the bone\u2010anchored hearing aid we present here\u2014uses a percutaneous transducer; whereas the Audiant device, developed by Dr. Jack Hough, uses a transcutaneous transducer. In percutaneous transmission, the transducer is directly coupled to the bone by means of a permanent skin penetration, whereas in transcutaneous transmission one part of the transducer is implanted and the other part is kept outside the intact skin and soft tissue. Comprehensive audiologic assessments indicate great differences in performance between the two systems. These differences probably originate in differences in length of gap and in different suspension properties of the two transducer systems. This article will demonstrate that large gaps, such as in the transcutaneous transducer, can be devastating for power consumption, maximum output capability, and second harmonic distortion. Since the properties of the suspension in the transcutaneous transducer are not under adequate control and the complication risk of permanent skin penetration is low, we continue to concentrate our efforts on percutaneous transducer systems.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/019459989010200407","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,11,25]],"date-time":"2015-11-25T06:42:21Z","timestamp":1448433741000},"page":"339-344","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":34,"title":["Percutaneous Vs. Transcutaneous Transducers for Hearing by Direct Bone Conduction"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"102","author":[{"given":"BO","family":"H\u00e5kansson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Applied Electronics Chalmers University of Technology G\u00f6teborg Sweden"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anders","family":"Tjellstr\u00f6m","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ENT Department Sahlgren Hospital G\u00f6teborg Sweden"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Peder","family":"Carlsson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Applied Electronics Chalmers University of Technology G\u00f6teborg Sweden"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1990,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","first-page":"304","article-title":"Osseointegrated titanium implants in the temporal bone. A clinical study on bone\u2010anchored hearing aids","volume":"2","author":"Tjellstr\u00f6m A","year":"1981","journal-title":"Am J Otol"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_1","first-page":"39","article-title":"Osseointegrated systems and their application in the head and neck. Adv","volume":"3","author":"Tjellstr\u00f6m A","year":"1989","journal-title":"Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_1","first-page":"56","article-title":"Soft tissue reactions around percutaneous implants: A clinical study on soft tissue conditions around skin penetrating titanium implants for bone\u2010anchored hearing aids","volume":"9","author":"Holgers K. M","year":"1988","journal-title":"Am J Otol"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/02844318709078104"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1121\/1.393848"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/00016488509104786"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/01050398409076252"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/019459988609400402"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_1","unstructured":"Tjellstr\u00f6mA JacobssonM.A 10\u2010year experience with maxillofacial bone\u2010anchored implants.Presented at the Annual Meeting of the American Academy of Otolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck Surgery Washington D.C Sept. 25\u201329 1988."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/01050398909070732"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_12_1","unstructured":"H\u00e5kanssonB Lid\u00e9nG Tjellstr\u00f6mA RingdahlA CarlssonP ErlandssonB. E.Ten years of experience of the Swedish bone\u2010anchored hearing system.Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol: submitted1989."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/000348948609500112"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_14_1","unstructured":"HoughJVD DormerKJ.Implantable hearing devices: XOMED bone conductor.American Academy of Otolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck Surgery Course 3337 1987."},{"issue":"36","key":"e_1_2_1_15_1","first-page":"38","article-title":"A chronology of an implantable bone conductor hearing device","volume":"39","author":"Campos CT","year":"1988","journal-title":"Hear Instrum"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_16_1","unstructured":"CarlssonP H\u00e5kanssonB.A new transducer for hearing by direct bone conduction. Technical Report No. 2:88. Research Laboratory of Medical Electronics Chalmers University of Technology G\u00f6teborg Sweden 1988. ISBN 91\u20137546\u2013050\u20135."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/01050398909070728"}],"container-title":["Otolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck Surgery"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/019459989010200407","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/aao-hnsfjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/019459989010200407","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,20]],"date-time":"2025-10-20T13:14:15Z","timestamp":1760966055000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/aao-hnsfjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1177\/019459989010200407"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1990,4]]},"references-count":16,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1990,4]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/019459989010200407"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/019459989010200407","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0194-5998","1097-6817"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0194-5998","type":"print"},{"value":"1097-6817","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1990,4]]}}}