{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T15:07:17Z","timestamp":1787065637321,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":11,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,4,22]],"date-time":"2016-04-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1461283200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":9304,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["aao-hnsfjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Otolaryngol.--head neck surg."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1990,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Maxillary sinus hypoplasia is an anomaly of the paranasal sinuses occasionally encountered by otolaryngologists. Although this entity has been previously reported, an association between maxillary sinus hypoplasia and anomalies of other paranasal sinus structures, such as the uncinate process, has not yet been described. Additionally, the literature lacks a system by which the various types of maxillary sinus hypoplasia can be classified using computerized tomographic (CT) imaging. Two hundred and two consecutive coronal sinus computerized tomographic scans from patients undergoing evaluation at our institution were analyzed to determine the prevalence of MSH and associated paranasal sinus anomalies. The overall prevalence of maxillary sinus hypoplasia was 10.4%. Three distinct patterns of hypoplasia were evident. Type I, characterized by a normal uncinate process, a well\u2010defined infundibular passage, and mild sinus hypoplasia, occurred in 14 patients (6.9%). Type II, characterized by absence or hypoplasia of the uncinate process, an ill\u2010defined infundibular passage, and soft\u2010tissue density opacification of a significantly hypoplastic sinus occurred in 6 patients (3.0%). Type III, characterized by absence of the uncinate process and a profoundly hypoplastic, cleft\u2010like sinus, occurred in 1 patient (0.5%). Recognition of associated anomalies of the uncinate process in patients with maxillary sinus hypoplasia undergoing sinus surgery is of utmost clinical significance because the uncinate process serves as a key landmark during functional endoscopic sinus surgery. Failure to recognize hypoplasia or absence of the uncinate process could lead to inadvertent intraoperative damage to the adjacent medial orbital wall.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/019459989010300516","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,4,8]],"date-time":"2016-04-08T21:33:10Z","timestamp":1460151190000},"page":"759-765","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":146,"title":["Maxillary sinus hypoplasia: Classification and description of associated uncinate process hypoplasia"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"103","author":[{"given":"William E.","family":"Bolger","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2010Head and Neck Surgery Geisinger Medical Center Danville Pennsylvania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"suffix":"Jr.","given":"William W.","family":"Woodruff","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wilford Hall USAF Medical Center, Lackland AFB Department of Special Imaging Radiology Geisinger Medical Center San Antonio Texas"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John","family":"Morehead","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2010Head and Neck Surgery Geisinger Medical Center Danville Pennsylvania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David S.","family":"Parsons","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2010Head and Neck Surgery Geisinger Medical Center Danville Pennsylvania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,4,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","first-page":"723","article-title":"Developmental anomalies of the maxillary sinus","volume":"84","author":"Karmody CS","year":"1977","journal-title":"Trans Am Acad Ophthalmol Otolaryngol"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1288\/00005537-198204000-00014"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/aja.1000100109"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/radiology.135.2.7367631"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01557990"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_1","first-page":"1010","article-title":"Embryology and abnormal anatomy of the maxillary sinus","volume":"68","author":"Hall GW","year":"1969","journal-title":"Northwest Medicine"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archotol.1985.00800110054002"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/019459988609400202"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_1","first-page":"496","article-title":"Hypoplasia of the maxillary antrum","volume":"63","author":"Mendelsohn DB","year":"1983","journal-title":"S Afr Med J"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_11_1","first-page":"386","article-title":"Embryological development of the nasal accessory sinuses","volume":"60","author":"Hanson NL","year":"1931","journal-title":"Illinois Med J"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archotol.1933.03570050184005"}],"container-title":["Otolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck Surgery"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/019459989010300516","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/aao-hnsfjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/019459989010300516","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,20]],"date-time":"2025-10-20T10:46:50Z","timestamp":1760957210000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/aao-hnsfjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1177\/019459989010300516"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1990,11]]},"references-count":11,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1990,11]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/019459989010300516"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/019459989010300516","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0194-5998","1097-6817"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0194-5998","type":"print"},{"value":"1097-6817","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1990,11]]},"assertion":[{"value":"1989-09-24","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"1990-01-22","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2016-04-22","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}