{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]],"date-time":"2026-10-02T04:15:48Z","timestamp":1790914548861,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,5,18]],"date-time":"2016-05-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1463529600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":8752,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["aao-hnsfjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Otolaryngol.--head neck surg."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1992,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Subjects exposed to industrial solvents may experience vertigo and nausea. Solvents are usually volatile hydrocarbon compounds, which are Important parts of everyday life in a modern society. They may also cause neurastenia, personality changes, and reduced intellectual capacity. The syndrome that may develop was formerly named <jats:italic>psycho\u2010organic syndrome<\/jats:italic> (POS), but in modern terminology it is called <jats:italic>chronic toxic encephalopathy<\/jats:italic> (CTE). The syndrome develops slowly, and during the first years no pathological findings will be found using various test batteries. Somewhat later, when the syndrome still might be reversible, psychometric, auditory, and otoneurologic testing may well unveil disturbances within the posterior fossa structures. Animal experiments suggest one site of effect for solvents to be within the cerebellum and brainstem regions with close relationship to the gamma\u2010amino\u2010butyric acid (GABA) transmission. In the otoneurologic test battery, visual suppression and smooth pursuit are of extreme value, as are some auditory tests such as discrimination of interrupted speech and cortical response audiometry using frequency glides as stimuli. Dynamic posturography and magnetic resonance Imaging (MRI) have recently proved valuable in the diagnosis. Research is needed concerning the most efficient test battery for early detection of solvent\u2010induced lesions. During further research it is Important to unveil other toxic agents, like heavy metals and alcohol, and their damage to the central nervous system and to make comparisons between these substances and the lesions caused by hydrocarbon solvents.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/019459989210600612","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,28]],"date-time":"2017-01-28T04:13:59Z","timestamp":1485576839000},"page":"687-692","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["Otoneurologic Disturbances Caused by Solvent Pollution"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"106","author":[{"given":"Lars M.","family":"\u00d6dkvist","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oto\u2010Rhino\u2010Laryngology and Radiology University Hospital Linkoping Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Claes","family":"M\u00f6ller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oto\u2010Rhino\u2010Laryngology and Radiology University Hospital Linkoping Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karl\u2010\u00c5ke","family":"Thuomas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oto\u2010Rhino\u2010Laryngology and Radiology University Hospital Linkoping Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,5,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/43.2.293"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_1","volume-title":"Chronic effects of organic solvents on the central nervous system and diagnostic criteria","year":"1985"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_1","first-page":"77","volume-title":"Toxicity and metabolism of industrial solvents","author":"Browning E","year":"1965"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_1","first-page":"322","article-title":"Hane M, Hogstedt C. 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October1987(may be obtained from Neurocom International Inc.)."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_12_1","volume-title":"Dynamic posturography in evaluating human equilibrium","author":"Ledin T"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0196-0709(91)90043-F"},{"issue":"310","key":"e_1_2_1_14_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Distorted speech audiometry","author":"Korsan\u2010Bengtsen M","year":"1973","journal-title":"Acta Otolaryngol (Stockh)"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.46.10.917"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_16_1","unstructured":"\u00d6dkvistLM LarsbyB LiedgrenSRC.Influence of industrial solvents on the vestibular system. XI World Congress in Oto\u2010Rhino\u2010Laryngology: Buenos Aires Argentina March 13\u201319 1977."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_17_1","first-page":"149","article-title":"Solvent\u2010induced central nervous system disturbances appearing in hearing and vestibulo\u2010oculomotor tests","volume":"3","author":"\u00d6dkvist LM","year":"1985","journal-title":"Clin Ecology"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_18_1","unstructured":"ThamR LarsbyB M\u00f6llerC NiklassonM \u00d6dkvistLM.Vestibulotoxicity of organic solvents. In: Proceedings of the Fourth International Conference on the Combined Effects of Environmental Factors: Baltimore Md. 1990:101\u20135."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_19_1","unstructured":"ThuomasK\u2010A \u00d6dkvistLM M\u00f6llerC AxelssonO.MRI in chronic toxic encephalopathy. In manuscript."}],"container-title":["Otolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck Surgery"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/019459989210600612","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/aao-hnsfjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/019459989210600612","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,20]],"date-time":"2025-10-20T12:36:34Z","timestamp":1760963794000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/aao-hnsfjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1177\/019459989210600612"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1992,6]]},"references-count":18,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1992,6]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/019459989210600612"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/019459989210600612","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0194-5998","1097-6817"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0194-5998","type":"print"},{"value":"1097-6817","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1992,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"1992-02-19","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"1992-02-19","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2016-05-18","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}