{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,12]],"date-time":"2026-05-12T22:32:29Z","timestamp":1778625149584,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1993,3,1]],"date-time":"1993-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":730944000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007186","name":"Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007186","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["USHHS DC 00031"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["USHHS DC 00031"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Otolaryngol.--head neck surg."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1993,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Many new photosensitizers and laser wavelengths are being tested to improve photodynamic therapy by enhancing specific tumor uptake and\/or retention, lowering systemic toxicity, and increasing laser tissue penetration. In this study the potential synergistic effects of rhodamine\u2010123 (Rh\u2010123) and merocyanine\u2010540 (MC\u2010540) sensitization of human tumor cell lines after laser exposure were explored. In a first series of experiments, the kinetics of uptake of Rh\u2010123 and M\u2010540 were tested on three human leukemia cell lines (K562, RAJI, 729HF2), P3 squamous carcinoma, and M26 melanoma. Our results demonstrate a clear difference in the rate and amount of uptake of MC\u2010540 (K562 &gt; P3 &gt; RAJI &gt; 729HF2 &gt; M26) and Rh\u2010123 (P3 &gt; RAJI &gt; 729HF2 &gt; K562 &gt; M26) by these cell lines. In a second series of experiments, M26 tumor cells were sensitized with either Rh\u2010123 (1 \u03bcg\/ml) or with MC\u2010540 (20 \u03bcg\/ml) alone or with a combination of the two dyes for 60 minutes, then exposed to the argon (514.5 nm) laser at nonthermal energy levels. Our results demonstrate a significant enhancement of the tumoricidal effects of the laser on M26 carcinoma cells after sensitization with both dyes together (MC\u2010540 and Rh\u2010123) when compared to each dye alone. As with combination antibiotherapy, the synergistic effects of two laser dyes that have different intracellular targeting sites appear to enhance tumoricidal effects significantly after exposure to a matching laser wavelength. The data provide evidence for effective laser phtototherapy by dye synergy.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/019459989310800305","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,11,25]],"date-time":"2015-11-25T06:48:27Z","timestamp":1448434107000},"page":"233-242","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["The Synergistic Effects of Rhodamine\u2010123 and Merocyanine\u2010540 Laser Dyes on Human Tumor Cell Lines: A New Approach to Laser Phototherapy"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"108","author":[{"given":"Dan J.","family":"Castro","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Otolaryngology\u2010Head and Neck Surgery UCLA School of Medicine Los Angeles California"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Romaine E.","family":"Saxton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Surgical Oncology UCLA School of Medicine Los Angeles California"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sherry","family":"Haghighat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Otolaryngology\u2010Head and Neck Surgery UCLA School of Medicine Los Angeles California"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Emil","family":"Reisler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry UCLA School of Medicine Los Angeles California"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Plant","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical Engineering UCLA School of Medicine Los Angeles California"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jacques","family":"Soudant","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2010Head and Neck Surgery Pitie\u2010Salpettriere Medical Center Paris France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1993,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.77.2.990"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1751-1097.1987.tb04890.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1288\/00005537-198705000-00004"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0196-0709(88)80004-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_1","first-page":"4827","article-title":"Evaluation of a soluble tetrazolium\/formazan assay for cell growth and drug sensitivity in culture using human and other tumor cell lines","volume":"48","author":"Scudiero DA","year":"1988","journal-title":"Cancer Res"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_1","first-page":"3681","article-title":"Evaluation of tetrazolium\u2010based semiautomatic colormetric assay for measurement of human antitumor cytotoxicity","volume":"50","author":"Heo Seog 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