{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,21]],"date-time":"2025-10-21T15:20:37Z","timestamp":1761060037460,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":9,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1993,6,1]],"date-time":"1993-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":738892800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["AI 31335"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AI 31335"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Otolaryngol.--head neck surg."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1993,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Antihistamines are believed to reduce the sneezing and rhlnorrhea associated with allergic rhinitis, primarily by competitive antagonism of histamine for H<jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub> cellular receptors, but additional mechanisms of action may contribute to their clinical efficacy. To Improve our understanding of H<jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub> antihistamine action, we studied the effects of pretreatment with terfenadine, cetirizine, ketotifen, azatadine, diphenhydramine, and azelastine on increases in vascular permeability, mast cell activation, and sneezing Induced by nasal challenge with antigen. All studied antihistamines reduced sneezing, Indicating that they all effectively antagonize histamine after its release. In addition, terfenadine and topically administered azatadine blocked the release of histamine. Studies with cetlrizine and azelastine revealed that these antihistamines significantly reduced sulfldopeptide leukotriene levels. Terfenadine and azelastine also reduced klnin production. These results confirm that antihistamines are effective in reducing sneezing and, in some cases, vascular permeability. The findings of these studies also Illustrate that the various antihistamines have multiple and different mechanisms of action that may have Implications for their clinical uses.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/019459989310800615","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,11,25]],"date-time":"2015-11-25T06:49:46Z","timestamp":1448434186000},"page":"723-730","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["The Effect of Antihistamines on the Immediate Allergic Response: A Comparative Review"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"108","author":[{"given":"Robert M.","family":"Naclerio","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck Surgery and Medicine Division of Clinical Immunology Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine Baltimore Maryland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1993,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1288\/00005537-198906000-00006"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_1","first-page":"465","article-title":"In vivo and in vitro effects of antihistamines on mast cell mediator release: A potentially important property in the treatment of allergic disease","volume":"63","author":"Togias AG","year":"1989","journal-title":"Ann Allergy"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0091-6749(05)80146-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2222.1990.tb03141.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_1","first-page":"437","volume-title":"Allergy: Principles and practice","author":"Naclerio R","year":"1988"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2222.1990.tb02711.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm\/142.1.167"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000235420"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1986.03370020071030"}],"container-title":["Otolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck Surgery"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/019459989310800615","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/aao-hnsfjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/019459989310800615","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,20]],"date-time":"2025-10-20T12:35:43Z","timestamp":1760963743000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/aao-hnsfjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1177\/019459989310800615"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1993,6]]},"references-count":9,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1993,6]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/019459989310800615"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/019459989310800615","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0194-5998","1097-6817"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0194-5998"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1097-6817"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1993,6]]}}}