{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T14:17:22Z","timestamp":1787062642410,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1994,1,1]],"date-time":"1994-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":757382400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000055","name":"National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["T32 DC\u201000007"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["T32 DC\u201000007"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000055","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Otolaryngol.--head neck surg."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1994,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>We can now distinguish, in part, between nerve deafness and hair cell deafness through the use of otoacoustic emissions. We can also assess the efferent system by carefully quantifying the effects of contralateral stimulation on these same otoacoustic emissions. The suppression of transient evoked emissions by continuous contralateral white noise is an ostensibly small effect of 2 or 3\u00a0dB when studied over a 20\u2010msec window. However, when subjected to microstructural analysis, the effect can exceed 6 to 8\u00a0dB in the zones from 10 to 20\u00a0msec after the stimulus has subsided. Temporal and spectral analyses reveal robust effects of contralateral lateral stimulation, although in any given normal subject it may be difficult to separate middle ear effects from efferent effects. Evidence is strong that the efferent effect is mediated in part by cholinergic \u2014 primarily nicotinic \u2014 receptors in the outer hair cell. However, a unique type of patient, who shows nearly normal pure\u2010tone audiograms and absent ABRs, shows virtually no contralateral suppression of transient evoked emissions. Some other patients, with symptoms of Charcot\u2010Marie\u2010Tooth disease, may paradoxically show extremely poor audiograms, but perfectly normal evoked emissions along with absent contralateral suppression. The ABR, along with middle ear muscle reflexes and masking level differences, are all absent in these patients; we therefore think they have a disorder that desynchronizes most of their primary auditory nerve fibers and thereby disconnects them from any efferent activity or masking cancellation. The existence of such an auditory disorder, characterized by severe dysfunction in speech comprehension \u2014 especially when listening in noise\u2014suggests that what appears to be a \u201ccentral auditory imperception\u201d might stem instead from a systemic peripheral primary neuropathy.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/019459989411000102","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,11,25]],"date-time":"2015-11-25T06:51:26Z","timestamp":1448434286000},"page":"3-21","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":44,"title":["Contralateral suppression of otoacoustic emissions: An index of the function of the medial olivocochlear system"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"110","author":[{"given":"Charles I.","family":"Berlin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Biocommunication Kresge Hearing Research Laboratory of the South New Orleans Louisiana"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Linda J.","family":"Hood","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Biocommunication Kresge Hearing Research Laboratory of the South New Orleans Louisiana"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Annette","family":"Hurley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Biocommunication Kresge Hearing Research Laboratory of the South New Orleans Louisiana"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Han","family":"Wen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Biocommunication Kresge Hearing Research Laboratory of the South New Orleans Louisiana"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1994,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.900840204"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(79)91104-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_1","volume-title":"Neurobiology of hearing: the cochlea","author":"Warr WB","year":"1986"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/00016486909125448"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0014-4886(78)90201-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/00016488709107281"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1121\/1.382104"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0378-5955(90)90232-E"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00003446-198009000-00009"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1288\/00005537-198403000-00019"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/114.3.1157"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/227184a0"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(70)90029-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0378-5955(89)90127-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0378-5955(86)90003-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0378-5955(89)90032-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0378-5955(89)90033-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_19_1","volume-title":"Eighth nerve CAP suppression by contralateral sound in the adult and developing Mongolian gerbil. 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