{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,21]],"date-time":"2025-10-21T00:36:45Z","timestamp":1761007005629,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":16,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1994,2,1]],"date-time":"1994-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":760060800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Otolaryngol.--head neck surg."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1994,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>On February 25, 1990, an Iraqi SCUD missile exploded inside a building housing United States military personnel in Dhahran, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. One hundred seventy\u2010two individuals who were near the impact site at the time of the blast were interviewed and examined to determine blast injury to the ear. Tympanic membrane (TM) perforation was used as the clinical marker for aural blast injury. Thirty\u2010four personnel had unilateral TM perforation and 28 had bilateral TM perforation. Eighty\u2010six sustained sufficient injury to be hospitalized. Fifty\u2010nine of hospitalized personnel (70%) had TM perforation. Of a total of 90 TM perforations, 39% were estimated to be 25% or less of the tympanic membrane surrface area, 36% were 26% to 50%, 16% were 51% to 75%, and 10% were greater than 75%. Morphology of the perforations and estimated proximity to the blast were documented. Personnel distant from the blast, in open doorways or wearing headphones, had relative protection from TM perforation. Historic nuclear blast data were used to estimate the SCUD blast waveform based on measurements of the SCUD impact crater. A mathematical model based on the estimated waveform was validated against the actual field data by comparing the proximity and incidence of TM perforations in the SCUD missile explosion.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/019459989411000211","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,11,25]],"date-time":"2015-11-25T06:51:44Z","timestamp":1448434304000},"page":"211-221","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Tympanic membrane perforation in survivors of a scud missile explosion"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"110","author":[{"given":"Carl A.","family":"Patow","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"85th Evacuation Hospital Dhahran Kingdom of Saudi Arabia"},{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2010Head and Neck Surgery Walter Reed Army Medical Center Bethesda Maryland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jeffrey","family":"Bartels","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"207th Evacuation Hospital of the U.S. Army Kingdom of Saudi Arabia Dhahran Kingdom of Saudi Arabia"},{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2010Head and Neck Surgery Tripler Army Medical Center Honolulu Hawaii"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kenneth T.","family":"Dodd","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Medicine Department of Respiratory Research Walter Reed Army Institute of Research Washington, D.C."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1994,2]]},"reference":[{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","DOI":"10.1288\/00005537-197902000-00009"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_1_3_1","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.1968.tb11972.x"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_1_4_1","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.1968.tb11969.x"},{"volume-title":"Joint AWRE\/CDE Report No. 04\/82","year":"1982","author":"James DJ","key":"e_1_2_1_5_1"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_1_6_1","DOI":"10.1177\/00034894890980S507"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_1","first-page":"109","article-title":"Experimentelle Untersuchungen uber die Resistenzfahigkeit des Trommelfells","volume":"52","author":"Zalewski T","year":"1906","journal-title":"Z Ohrenheilkd"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_1_8_1","DOI":"10.1177\/00034894890980S503"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_1_9_1","DOI":"10.1001\/archotol.1974.00780030165001"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_1_10_1","DOI":"10.1093\/milmed\/156.12.651"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_1_11_1","DOI":"10.1017\/S0022215100090873"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_1_12_1","DOI":"10.1093\/milmed\/138.12.811"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_13_1","first-page":"489","volume-title":"Surgery in WWII. Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology","author":"Hepskind MM","year":"1957"},{"volume-title":"Ministry of Home Security Report BPC 43\/169\/WS21, Military Personnel Research Committee (Medical Research Council) Department of Human Anatomy","author":"Blake PM","key":"e_1_2_1_14_1"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_1_15_1","DOI":"10.1002\/bjs.1800761006"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_1_16_1","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.1.5957.559"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_1_17_1","DOI":"10.1097\/00000658-198904000-00016"}],"container-title":["Otolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck Surgery"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/019459989411000211","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/aao-hnsfjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/019459989411000211","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,20]],"date-time":"2025-10-20T11:14:41Z","timestamp":1760958881000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/aao-hnsfjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1177\/019459989411000211"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1994,2]]},"references-count":16,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1994,2]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/019459989411000211"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/019459989411000211","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0194-5998","1097-6817"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0194-5998"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1097-6817"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1994,2]]}}}