{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,21]],"date-time":"2025-10-21T00:46:37Z","timestamp":1761007597931,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1994,3,1]],"date-time":"1994-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":762480000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Otolaryngol.--head neck surg."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1994,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Patients with panic disorder often describe dizziness as a disturbing symptom, with more severe episodes reported than in other psychiatric populations. Nineteen patients diagnosed as having a panic disorder were tested for vestibulo\u2010ocular (VOR) abnormalities with the Vestibular Autorotation Test (VAT), a computerized test of the high\u2010frequency (2 to 6\u00a0Hz) VOR. The patients were unselected for the presence or absence of balance disorders. Results showed VOR abnormalities, relative to a normal population, in the horizontal and\/or vertical VORs of all 19 patients. Vestibulo\u2010ocular reflex asymmetries were commonly present. Because the VAT tested the VOR over a frequency range encountered during common daily activities, the observed abnormalities could result in a perceptually moving visual field (oscillopsia). We hypothesize that the resulting experience of a visual\u2010vestibular disturbance\u2014perhaps in a biologically or psychologically predisposed individual\u2014is catastrophically misinterpreted, leading to more bodily symptoms and anxiety. These could then contribute to more misinterpretation in a positive feedback sense, ultimately leading to a panic attack.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/019459989411000302","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,11,25]],"date-time":"2015-11-25T06:52:07Z","timestamp":1448434327000},"page":"259-269","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Autorotation test abnormalities of the horizontal and vertical vestibulo\u2010ocular reflexes in panic disorder"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"110","author":[{"given":"Donna L.","family":"Hoffman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2014Head and Neck Surgery University of Southern California School of Medicine Los Angeles California"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dennis P.","family":"O'Leary","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2014Head and Neck Surgery University of Southern California School of Medicine Los Angeles California"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dennis J.","family":"Munjack","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry University of Southern California School of Medicine Los Angeles California"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1994,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01586122"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1288\/00005537-189904000-00003"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_1","first-page":"235","volume-title":"Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders","author":"American Psychiatric Association","year":"1987"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_1","first-page":"73","volume-title":"Anxiety and its disorders: the nature and treatment of anxiety and panic","author":"Barlow DH","year":"1988"},{"volume-title":"Anxiety and the anxiety disorders","year":"1985","author":"Barlow DH","key":"e_1_2_1_6_1"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0193-953X(18)30503-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_1","first-page":"338","article-title":"Dysequilibrium and audiovestibular function in panic disorder: symptom profiles and test findings","volume":"11","author":"Sklare DA","year":"1990","journal-title":"Am J Otol"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0010-440X(93)90057-B"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.1989.62.1.264"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0733-8619(18)30357-8"},{"volume-title":"Structured clinical interview for DSM\u2010III\u2010R\u2010patient version (SCID\u2010P)","year":"1987","author":"Spitzer RL","key":"e_1_2_1_12_1"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.134.4.382"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.141.5.518"},{"volume-title":"ECDEU Assessment Manual for Psychopharmacology, revised. 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