{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]],"date-time":"2026-08-01T02:28:44Z","timestamp":1785551324047,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,5,18]],"date-time":"2016-05-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1463529600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":7900,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["aao-hnsfjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Otolaryngol.--head neck surg."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1994,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Eustachian tube dysfunction is a nearly universal complication of cleft palate, resulting in chronic ear disease and conductive hearing loss. Cleft palate repair is thought to result in recovery of eustachian tube function, but the length of time between repair and recovery of eustachian tube function is not known. Furthermore, the efficacy of tympanostomy tubes in the treatment of eustachian tube dysfunction and hearing sequelae has not been examined in a systematic way. To answer these questions, we performed a retrospective study that used serial audiometric data and tympanometry on 81 patients with cleft palates (162 ears), with follow\u2010up ranging from 1 to 17.3 years. Average time to recovery of eustachian tube function was 6.0 years (range, 1.0 to 10.3 years) after cleft palate surgery. For children followed up for at least 6 years (longest follow\u2010up, 17.3 years), 70% (67 of 85) had normal eustachian tube function at their last follow\u2010up visit. Ears treated with Armstrong tympanostomy tubes required an average of 3.1 tubes per ear until recovery of eustachian tube function, whereas ears treated with Goode T tubes required only 1.1 tubes per ear (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.05). Hearing evaluation revealed that 67% of ears had abnormal hearing thresholds (&gt;20\u00a0dB) before tympanostomy tube placement, whereas only 7.5% of ears demonstrated this loss after tube placement. Furthermore more than 90% of ears maintained normal thresholds after recovery of eustachian tube function. These data indicate that most children with cleft palates eventually recover normal eustachian tube function after palatoplasty, but for the majority of children, this does not occur for many years. Furthermore, the hearing loss before tympanostomy tube placement and palatoplasty largely resolves after aeration of the middle ear and does not result in any significant permanent hearing deficit.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/019459989411100406","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,7,13]],"date-time":"2017-07-13T00:52:48Z","timestamp":1499907168000},"page":"423-429","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":92,"title":["Third Place \u2014 Resident Clinical Science Award 1994: Recovery of Eustachian Tube Function and Hearing Outcome in Patients with Cleft Palate"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"111","author":[{"given":"Timothy L.","family":"Smith","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Otolaryngology\u2014Head and Neck Surgery University of North Carolina School of Medicine Chapel Hill North Carolina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Douglas C.","family":"Diruggiero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Otolaryngology\u2014Head and Neck Surgery University of North Carolina School of Medicine Chapel Hill North Carolina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kim R.","family":"Jones","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Otolaryngology\u2014Head and Neck Surgery University of North Carolina School of Medicine Chapel Hill North Carolina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,5,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","first-page":"277","article-title":"Heilunger taustummheit erzielte durch beseitigung einer otorrhoe und einer angebornen gaumenspalte","volume":"183","author":"Alt A","year":"1879","journal-title":"Schmidt's Jahrbuecher"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_1","first-page":"269","article-title":"Almost total destruction of the velum palati corrected by an artificial soft palate, producing not only greatly improved speech, but an immediate increase in audition","volume":"61","author":"Thornington J","year":"1892","journal-title":"Med News"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.44.1.35"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_1_5_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Eustachian tube obstruction in the infant with cleft palate","author":"Bluestone CD","year":"1971","journal-title":"Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/00016489009124802"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9416(55)90126-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_1","first-page":"488","article-title":"Abnormal anatomy of the muscles of palatopharyngeal closure in cleft palates","volume":"46","author":"Fara M","year":"1970","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_1","first-page":"333","article-title":"Eustachian tube ventilatory function in relation to cleft palate","volume":"84","author":"Bluestone CD","year":"1975","journal-title":"Ann Otol"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.53.1.48"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_11_1","first-page":"63","article-title":"Rovnak S. Effect of palatoplasty on the function of the Eustachian tube in children with cleft palate","volume":"23","author":"Doyle WJ","year":"1986","journal-title":"Cleft Palate J"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archotol.1970.00770040477002"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/00206098409070086"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2273.1992.tb01827.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0022215100121462"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1288\/00005537-198903000-00003"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archotol.1970.00770040477002"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198506133122401"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3476(87)80348-7"}],"container-title":["Otolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck Surgery"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/019459989411100406","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/aao-hnsfjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/019459989411100406","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,20]],"date-time":"2025-10-20T13:58:09Z","timestamp":1760968689000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/aao-hnsfjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1177\/019459989411100406"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1994,10]]},"references-count":18,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1994,10]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/019459989411100406"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/019459989411100406","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0194-5998","1097-6817"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0194-5998","type":"print"},{"value":"1097-6817","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1994,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"1994-06-08","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"1994-07-15","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2016-05-18","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}