{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,10]],"date-time":"2026-10-10T19:02:50Z","timestamp":1791658970976,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":15,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,5,18]],"date-time":"2016-05-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1463529600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":7839,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["aao-hnsfjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Otolaryngol.--head neck surg."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1994,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>As American society becomes progressively violent, an ever\u2010increasing number of gunshot wounds are being seen across the United States. Particularly challenging are injuries that involve the mandible and midface, not only because of problems with reconstructing bone and soft\u2010tissue defects but also because of emergent problems with airway obstruction and neurovascular compromise. We present 40 cases of gunshot wounds to the mouth, mandible, and maxilla treated at Wake Forest University Medical Center during the past 7 years. The focus of this retrospective analysis is on emergency evaluation and treatment, complications encountered, and operative techniques used for reconstruction. Special emphasis is placed on recognizing and avoiding the complications of these injuries.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/019459989411100607","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,7,11]],"date-time":"2017-07-11T18:21:15Z","timestamp":1499797275000},"page":"739-745","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["Gunshot Wounds to the Mandible and Midface: Evaluation, Treatment, and Avoidance of Complications"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"111","author":[{"given":"Roger D.","family":"Cole","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology The Bowman Gray School of Medicine of Wake Forest University Winston\u2010Salem North Carolina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J. Dale","family":"Browne","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology The Bowman Gray School of Medicine of Wake Forest University Winston\u2010Salem North Carolina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C. David","family":"Phipps","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology The Bowman Gray School of Medicine of Wake Forest University Winston\u2010Salem North Carolina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,5,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","volume-title":"Firearm mortality among children, youth, and young adults 1\u201334 years of age, trends and current status: United States, 1985\u201390","author":"Fingerhut LA","year":"1993"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00007611-198803000-00003"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005373-199210000-00004"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_1","volume-title":"Gunshot wounds. 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