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Seven\u2010 to 10\u2010day\u2010old chicks were treated with either a single injection of gentamicin (250\u00a0mg\/kg) or noise (1500\u00a0Hz at 120\u00a0dB sound pressure level for 14 hours). A subset of the gentamicin\u2010 and noise\u2010treated animals also received chloramphenicol (1200\u00a0mg\/kg during a 24\u2010hour period) through a subcutaneous osmotic pump. A control group received chloramphenicol alone (1200\u00a0mg\/kg during a 24\u2010hour period). All animals were sacrificed after 5\u00a0days, and their basilar papillae (cochleas) were prepared for scanning electron microscopy. Hair cell loss was quantified with stereologic techniques. Animals treated with chloramphenicol alone did not have any evidence of hair cell loss. Gentamicin\u2010treated animals had characteristic hair cell loss beginning at the basal tip and tapering out along the inferior edge more distally. The addition of chloramphenicol to gentamicin treatment significantly increased hair cell loss by 30%, extending the area of hair cell loss into the superior hair cell region at the distal boundary of the lesion. Pure\u2010tone noise exposure characteristically produced hair cell loss along the inferior edge and occasionally included hair cells along the most superior edge. Addition of chloramphenicol to noise exposure significantly increased hair cell loss by 80%, with extension of the lesion across the full width of the sensory epithelium and basally. These results demonstrate that mitochondrial biogenesis is involved in cellular responses to injury. They suggest that mitochondrial function may regulate the probability of survival after metabolic challenges to hair cell integrity.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/019459989511300503","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,12,10]],"date-time":"2010-12-10T16:43:42Z","timestamp":1291999422000},"page":"530-540","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Second Place \u2014 Resident Basic Science Award 1995: Mitochondrial Role in Hair Cell Survival after Injury"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"113","author":[{"given":"Gregory E.","family":"Hyde","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\/Head and Neck Surgery University of Washington School of Medicine Seattle Washington"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Edwin W.","family":"Rubel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\/Head and Neck Surgery University of 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