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The electromyographic activities of the posterior cricoarytenoid (PCA) and thyroarytenoid (TA) muscles were recorded simultaneously with an electromyogram of the diaphragm, endotracheal pressure, and concentrations of O<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> and CO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>. The activity of the intrinsic laryngeal muscles during hypercapnia (end\u2010tidal CO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>, 8% to 10%) was analyzed in comparison with that during eucapnia. In hypercapnia, both the PCA and TA muscles increased their activities, and the endotracheal pressure during expiration was elevated to a higher level than that in eucapnia. TA muscle activities returned to the level during eucapnia after ligation of the common carotid arteries. These findings suggest that hypercapnia causes a further widening of the glottis during inspiration to decrease inspiratory resistance and a further narrowing of the glottis during expiration to prevent alveolar collapse. Thus it may be concluded that the larynx actively participates in respiratory regulation under the control of the brain stem through a process of peripheral inputs from the carotid receptors.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/019459989811800418","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,12,10]],"date-time":"2010-12-10T16:43:04Z","timestamp":1291999384000},"page":"537-544","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Changes in laryngeal muscle activities during hypercapnia in the cat"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"118","author":[{"given":"Tomoyuki","family":"Adachi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery Saga Medical School Saga Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Toshiro","family":"Umezaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery Saga Medical School Saga 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