{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,21]],"date-time":"2025-10-21T00:44:10Z","timestamp":1761007450406,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":5,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,4,22]],"date-time":"2016-04-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1461283200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":6566,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["aao-hnsfjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Otolaryngol.--head neck surg."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1998,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>BACKGROUND<\/jats:title><jats:p>The use of a specific electrode type in laryngeal electromyography has not been standardized. Laryngeal electromyography is usually performed with hooked\u2010wire electrodes or concentric needle electrodes. Hooked\u2010wire electrodes have the advantage of allowing laryngeal movement with ease and comfort, whereas the concentric needle electrodes have benefits from a technical aspect and may be advanced, withdrawn, or redirected during attempts to appropriately place the electrode.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>OBJECTIVES<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study examines whether hooked\u2010wire electrodes permit more stable recordings than standard concentric needle electrodes at rest and after large\u2010scale movements of the larynx and surrounding structures. A histologic comparison of tissue injury resulting from placement and removal of the two electrode types is also made by evaluation of the vocal folds.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>METHODS<\/jats:title><jats:p>Electrodes were percutaneously placed into the thyroarytenoid muscles of 10 adult canines. Amplitude of electromyographic activity was measured and compared during vagal stimulation before and after large\u2010scale laryngeal movements. Signal consistency over time was examined. Animals were killed and vocal fold injury was graded and compared histologically.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title><jats:p>Waveform morphology did not consistently differ between electrode types. The variability of electromyographic amplitude was greater for the hooked\u2010wire electrode (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.05), whereas the mean amplitude measures before and after large\u2010scale laryngeal movements did not differ (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> &gt; 0.05). Inflammatory responses and hematoma formation were also similar.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>CONCLUSIONS<\/jats:title><jats:p>Waveform morphology of electromyographic signals registered from both electrode types show similar complex action potentials. There is no difference between the hooked\u2010wire electrode and the concentric needle electrode in terms of electrode stability or vocal fold injury in the thyroarytenoid muscle after large\u2010scale laryngeal movements. (Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 1998;118:655\u201362.)<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/019459989811800515","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,12,10]],"date-time":"2010-12-10T16:43:20Z","timestamp":1291999400000},"page":"655-662","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Comparison of Concentric Needle Versus Hooked\u2010Wire Electrodes in the Canine Larynx"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"118","author":[{"given":"Debra M.","family":"Jaffe","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery The University of Iowa Iowa City Iowa"},{"name":"Department of Speech Pathology and Audiology The University of Iowa Iowa City Iowa"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nancy P.","family":"Solomon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Communication Disorders University of Minnesota Minneapolis Minnesota"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Robert A.","family":"Robinson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology University of Iowa College of Medicine Iowa City Iowa"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Henry T.","family":"Hoffman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery The University of Iowa Iowa City Iowa"},{"name":"Department of Speech Pathology and Audiology The University of Iowa Iowa City Iowa"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Erich S.","family":"Luschei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery University of Iowa College of Medicine Iowa City Iowa"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,4,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1990.68.4.1739"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/019459988409200307"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","first-page":"37","volume-title":"Electrodiagnosis in diseases of nerves and muscles: principles and practice","author":"Kimura J.","year":"1989"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1044\/jshr.1202.362"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","first-page":"8","volume-title":"Single fibre electromyography","author":"Stalberg E","year":"1979"}],"container-title":["Otolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck Surgery"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/019459989811800515","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/019459989811800515","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/aao-hnsfjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/019459989811800515","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,20]],"date-time":"2025-10-20T13:24:13Z","timestamp":1760966653000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/aao-hnsfjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1177\/019459989811800515"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1998,5]]},"references-count":5,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1998,5]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/019459989811800515"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/019459989811800515","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0194-5998","1097-6817"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0194-5998"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1097-6817"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1998,5]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2016-04-22","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}