{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,20]],"date-time":"2026-07-20T19:39:49Z","timestamp":1784576389988,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":13,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,17]],"date-time":"2023-05-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1684281600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Asian Cardiovasc Thorac Ann"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Data collected from various institutions around the country was analyzed to assess the current status of cardiovascular and thoracic surgery in the country.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We collected data from institutions performing cardiovascular and thoracic surgery from all over the country through direct correspondence for the year 2019. Individual institution data on the number of surgeries performed for cardiac, vascular, and thoracic surgery and its outcome in terms of mortality were compiled. The data were further evaluated depending on the type of procedures performed.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Overall, a total of 2264 cardiac surgeries were performed in the country in the year 2019. The majority of the surgeries were for valvular heart surgery accounting for 34.3%, followed by congenital surgeries (32.8%) and surgeries for coronary artery disease (25.9%). A total of 649 thoracic surgeries were documented, which is probably marginally less than the actual numbers because we were unable to include an additional few institutions performing low-volume or isolated thoracic procedures in this report. A total of 852 vascular procedures were performed in the country, which is probably underreported. The mortality rates for complex congenital procedures were higher than those reported in the literature and that of adult procedures such as valvular heart disease and coronary artery disease similar to literature.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We evaluated the recent status of cardiovascular and thoracic surgery in the country with respect to the type of procedures and the postoperative outcomes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/02184923231175592","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,18]],"date-time":"2023-05-18T01:22:26Z","timestamp":1684372946000},"page":"405-412","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Review of current status of cardiovascular and thoracic surgery in Nepal: An analysis from collection of institutional database"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"31","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7103-3609","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bijoy G","family":"Rajbanshi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardio Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, Nepal Mediciti, Lalitpur, Nepal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nirmal","family":"Panthee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Shahid Gangalal National Heart Center, Kathmandu, Nepal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9403-3318","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dharmendra","family":"Joshi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardio Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, Nepal Mediciti, Lalitpur, Nepal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sidhartha","family":"Pradhan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Shahid Gangalal National Heart Center, Kathmandu, Nepal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Navin","family":"Gauttam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Shahid Gangalal National Heart Center, Kathmandu, Nepal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rabindra","family":"Timala","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Shahid Gangalal National Heart Center, Kathmandu, Nepal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5537-0031","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Raamesh","family":"Koirala","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Shahid Gangalal National Heart Center, Kathmandu, Nepal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anil","family":"Bhattarai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardio Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, Manmohan Cardiothoracic Vascular and Transplant Center, Kathmandu, Nepal"},{"name":"Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Green City Hospital, Kathmandu, Nepal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ranjan","family":"Sapkota","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardio Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, Manmohan Cardiothoracic Vascular and Transplant Center, Kathmandu, Nepal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jyotindra","family":"Sharma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Heart Center, Norvic International Hospital, Kathmandu, Nepal"},{"name":"Department of Surgery, Nobel Medical College, Biratnagar, Nepal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sampurna","family":"Tuladhar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shahid Dharma Bhakta National Transplant Center, Bhaktapur, Nepal"},{"name":"Nepal Korea Friendship Hospital, Bhaktapur, Nepal"},{"name":"Siddhi Memorial Hospital, Bhaktapur, Nepal"},{"name":"Department of Cardiac and Thoracic Surgery, Nepal Cancer Hospital, Lalitpur, Nepal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robin","family":"Karmacharya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Dhulikhel Hospital and Kathmandu University Medical School, Dhulikhel, Nepal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lokesh","family":"Jaiswal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardio Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, BP Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Uttam","family":"Shrestha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardio Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, Manmohan Cardiothoracic Vascular and Transplant Center, Kathmandu, Nepal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kiran","family":"Shrestha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardio Thoracic and Vascular Surgery Unit, Department of Surgery, Bir Hospital and National Academy of Medical Sciences, Kathmandu, Nepal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bhagawan","family":"Koirala","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardio Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, Manmohan Cardiothoracic Vascular and Transplant Center, Kathmandu, Nepal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-02184923231175592","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3126\/njh.v1i0.26014"},{"key":"bibr2-02184923231175592","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.athoracsur.2017.01.039"},{"key":"bibr3-02184923231175592","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ihj.2017.09.219"},{"key":"bibr4-02184923231175592","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.33314\/jnhrc.v16i3.1033"},{"key":"bibr5-02184923231175592","unstructured":"Thakur A, Panthee N, Karki AJ. Department of Cardiovascular Surgery. Annual Report 2021\u2014Shahid Gangalal National Heart Center, 2021, pp. 5\u20137."},{"key":"bibr6-02184923231175592","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3126\/njh.v13i2.15556"},{"key":"bibr7-02184923231175592","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamacardio.2015.0292"},{"key":"bibr8-02184923231175592","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/2150135120988634"},{"key":"bibr9-02184923231175592","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.xjon.2022.05.002"},{"key":"bibr10-02184923231175592","unstructured":"Who.int. Current health expenditure (CHE) as percentage of gross domestic product (GDP) (%). [online], https:\/\/www.who.int\/data\/gho\/data\/indicators\/indicator-details\/GHO\/current-health-expenditure-(che)-as-percentage-of-gross-domestic-product-(gdp)-(-) (2022, accessed 12 October 2022)."},{"key":"bibr11-02184923231175592","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcha.2020.100602"},{"key":"bibr12-02184923231175592","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3126\/njh.v19i1.45327"},{"key":"bibr13-02184923231175592","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ihj.2017.09.219"}],"container-title":["Asian Cardiovascular and Thoracic Annals"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/02184923231175592","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/02184923231175592","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/02184923231175592","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T19:28:26Z","timestamp":1777404506000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/02184923231175592"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,17]]},"references-count":13,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,6]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/02184923231175592"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/02184923231175592","relation":{},"ISSN":["0218-4923","1816-5370"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0218-4923","type":"print"},{"value":"1816-5370","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,17]]}}}