{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T14:05:33Z","timestamp":1791295533509,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,12]],"date-time":"2024-12-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1733961600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Asian Cardiovasc Thorac Ann"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Rheumatic heart disease (RHD) remains a persistent public health challenge, particularly prevalent in developing and underdeveloped regions despite concerted global eradication efforts. The progressive stage of RHD, marked by valvular calcification, necessitates the imperative need to identify prognostic biomarkers. Fetuin-A, well-known for its role as a negative inhibitor of ectopic calcification, is investigated in our study as a potential biomarker for cardiac valve calcification in RHD patients.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Individuals with confirmed presence of RHD via echocardiography, who exhibited moderate to severe cardiac valve involvement, were enrolled alongside age and sex-matched healthy controls. Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay was performed to analyse serum concentration of fetuin-A in healthy controls and RHD patients. Cytokine profiling was carried out using Cytometric Bead Array.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Sixty confirmed RHD patients along with age and sex-matched case\u2013control were evaluated for their serum fetuin-A and serum cytokines levels. Our findings reveal significantly reduced serum fetuin-A levels in RHD patients (1.96\u2009\u00b1\u20090.608 ng\/ml) compared to healthy controls (2.85\u2009\u00b1\u20090.55 ng\/ml) (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.0001). Cytokine profiling shows nearly two-fold elevations in interleukin (IL)-17A, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-\u03b1), interferon-gamma (IFN-\u03b3), IL-6, IL-10, IL-4 and IL-2 levels among RHD patients versus healthy controls, with IL-6 showing the maximum elevation in serum concentration. Pearson's correlation coefficient (\n                      <jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\n                      ) values indicate a strong negative correlation between fetuin-A levels in RHD patients and various inflammatory cytokines, including IL-17A (\u22120.9754), IFN-\u03b3 (\u22120.8142), TNF-\u03b1 (\u22120.8281), IL-10 (\u22120.9183), IL-6 (\u22120.8479), IL-4 (\u22120.9182) and IL-2 (\u22120.9430) (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.05, statistically significant).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study suggests that fetuin-A can be explored as a plausible biomarker for cardiac valve calcification and has an inverse correlation with inflammatory cytokines involved in RHD.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/02184923241306482","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,12]],"date-time":"2024-12-12T05:18:10Z","timestamp":1733980690000},"page":"14-20","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Fetuin-A as a plausible biomarker for cardiac valve calcification in rheumatic heart disease patients from North India"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"33","author":[{"given":"Aishwarya","family":"Rani","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Amity Institute of Virology and Immunology, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lakhwinder","family":"Singh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Experimental Medicine and Biotechnology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anuradha","family":"Chakraborti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Experimental Medicine and Biotechnology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sameer","family":"Gupta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Metro Hospital and Heart Institute, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Harkant","family":"Singh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4996-0558","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Devinder","family":"Toor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Amity Institute of Virology and Immunology, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrdp.2015.84"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/heartasia-2015-010648"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11908-019-0677-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens11020179"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fcell.2022.945287"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","first-page":"636","article-title":"Association of serum fetuin-A with valvular calcium concentration in rheumatic mitral valve disease","volume":"19","author":"Cagli K","year":"2010","unstructured":"Cagli K, Basar N, Cagli K, et al. Association of serum fetuin-A with valvular calcium concentration in rheumatic mitral valve disease. J Heart Valve Dis 2010; 19: 636\u2013643.","journal-title":"J Heart Valve Dis"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(05)70267-X"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2019.04.063"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12865-016-0171-y"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cyto.2008.08.014"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/db08-0538"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ihj.2018.12.007"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccl.2016.08.006"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2018.06.063"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-394317-0.00010-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_17_2","first-page":"55","article-title":"Systemic and local levels of fetuin-a in calcified mitral valves of rheumatic heart disease","volume":"23","author":"Mukhopadhyay S","year":"2014","unstructured":"Mukhopadhyay S, Pandit BN, Saran RK, et al. Systemic and local levels of fetuin-a in calcified mitral valves of rheumatic heart disease. 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