{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,30]],"date-time":"2026-04-30T19:17:13Z","timestamp":1777576633541,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,10]],"date-time":"2025-12-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1765324800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Asian Cardiovasc Thorac Ann"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to evaluate sex-based differences in surgical outcomes among patients with infective endocarditis (IE). A comprehensive search of three major medical databases identified ten studies encompassing 16,763 patients who underwent valvular surgery for IE. Of these, 70.8% were male (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u200911,873), and 29.2% were female (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20094890). Female patients were generally older at the time of surgery. The most common causative pathogen was\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Staphylococcus aureus<\/jats:italic>\n                    (28.4%), followed by\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Streptococcus<\/jats:italic>\n                    (22.5%) and\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Enterococcus<\/jats:italic>\n                    (4.1%). Females demonstrated lower aortic valve involvement (risk ratio [RR]: 0.80, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.67\u20130.96) but higher mitral valve involvement (RR: 1.30, 95% CI: 1.17\u20131.45,\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u20090.001). They also had a reduced prevalence of\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Streptococcus<\/jats:italic>\n                    (RR: 0.89, 95% CI: 0.81\u20130.98,\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.02) and\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Enterococcus<\/jats:italic>\n                    (RR: 0.71, 95% CI: 0.62\u20130.82,\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.03) infections and a lower risk of abscess formation (RR: 0.87, 95% CI: 0.76\u20130.99,\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.03) compared to males. There was a significant difference in the in-hospital mortality between female and male patients (RR: 1.30, 95% CI: 1.04\u20131.61,\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.02). No significant sex-related differences were observed in the duration of hospitalization. However, significant sex-related differences were observed in the incidence of postoperative stroke (RR: 1.10, 95% CI: 1.02\u20131.20,\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.02). In summary, female patients undergoing surgery for IE face a higher risk of both in-hospital mortality and postoperative stroke compared to males, underscoring clinically meaningful sex-based disparities in short-term surgical outcomes. These findings emphasize the need for further studies to clarify these observations. (PROSPERO Registration: CRD42024602013).\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/02184923251405504","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,10]],"date-time":"2025-12-10T16:18:58Z","timestamp":1765383538000},"page":"82-91","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Sex does not influence outcomes in valvular heart surgery due to infective endocarditis: A systematic review and meta-analysis"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"34","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-9028-6465","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Romasa","family":"Zeb","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Army Medical College"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sarmishtha","family":"Sharma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Riga Stradins University, Riga, Latvia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ramal","family":"Abdullah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Foundation University Medical College"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Manav","family":"Patel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NHL Municipal Medical College"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-7248-5625","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sandhya","family":"Nallamotu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kasturba Medical College"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-8039-8778","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Flavio","family":"Veintemilla-Burgos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidad Cat\u00f3lica de Santiago de Guayaquil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-6464-6381","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Brightline Misba","family":"Kovil Thangam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Spartan Health Sciences University"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-6226-7671","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Boddu Abhinav","family":"Sai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kamineni Academy of Medical Sciences and Research"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gurvir","family":"Kaur","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"American University of Antigua School of Medicine, Osbourn, Antigua and Barbuda"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","volume-title":"StatPearls","author":"Yallowitz AW","unstructured":"Yallowitz AW, Decker LC. 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