{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,30]],"date-time":"2026-05-30T10:02:50Z","timestamp":1780135370898,"version":"3.54.0"},"reference-count":12,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,20]],"date-time":"2026-04-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1776643200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Asian Cardiovasc Thorac Ann"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Empyema thoracic arising from a retroperitoneal source via a transdiaphragmatic nephropleural fistula is among its exceptionally rare causes. This report describes successful management with single-stage combined thoracic and urological surgery. A young female with long-standing nephrolithiasis and recent percutaneous nephrolithotomy, presented with respiratory distress. Initial management included emergent tube thoracostomy for a gross right pyopneumothorax confirmed by computed tomographic (CT) scan of chest.\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Escherichia coli<\/jats:italic>\n                    was cultured from pleural fluid and urine samples. Further contrast enhanced CT findings confirmed Empyema thoracic, transdiaphragmatic nephropleural fistula and lower pole renal cortical defects with emphysematous pyelonephritis. Single-stage right thoracotomy and decortication, repair of the diaphragmatic rent and right nephrectomy achieved excellent outcomes. This case highlights transdiaphragmatic nephropleural fistula as a rare cause of empyema thoracic.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/02184923261444051","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,20]],"date-time":"2026-04-20T14:04:20Z","timestamp":1776693860000},"page":"470-474","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Transdiaphragmatic nephropleural fistula: A rare cause of empyema thoracic managed with single-stage surgical approach"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"34","author":[{"given":"Niaz H","family":"Soomro","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Dow University of Health Sciences"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Muhammad H","family":"Mithani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nasir","family":"Hussain","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dow University of Health Sciences"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Muhammad","family":"Hasan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dow University of Health Sciences"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-0314-732X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bushra","family":"Ashar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dow University of Health Sciences"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.radcr.2021.06.051"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21037\/jtd-22-1551"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","unstructured":"Okafor CN Onyeaso EE. Perinephric abscess. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/books\/NBK536936\/ (2025 [cited 2025 Dec 24])."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/rcr2.400"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.urology.2004.03.031"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/cren.2016.0050"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bcr-2023-259015"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bcr-2019-231985"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1052-3359(25)00345-X"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijscr.2022.107730"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.160.6.797"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_2","unstructured":"Roberts ME Rahman NM Maskell NA et al. British Thoracic Society Guideline for pleural disease https:\/\/thorax.bmj.com\/content\/78\/11\/1143 (2023 Nov 1 [cited 2025 Dec 24])."}],"container-title":["Asian Cardiovascular and Thoracic Annals"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/02184923261444051","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/02184923261444051","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/02184923261444051","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,30]],"date-time":"2026-05-30T09:50:17Z","timestamp":1780134617000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/02184923261444051"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,20]]},"references-count":12,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/02184923261444051"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/02184923261444051","relation":{},"ISSN":["0218-4923","1816-5370"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0218-4923","type":"print"},{"value":"1816-5370","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,20]]}}}