{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T17:03:03Z","timestamp":1777914183288,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,30]],"date-time":"2022-10-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1667088000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Indian Journal of Psychological Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Banning smoking in public places has considerably reduced the number of smokers. However, the sale of loose tobacco encourages tobacco use. There is limited data on compliance with section 7(2) of the Cigarettes and Other Tobacco Products Act (COTPA), 2003, concerning the ban on loose tobacco sales in India. The aim of this study is to assess the compliance of section 7(2) of COTPA concerning the ban on loose tobacco sales in four selected cities of Karnataka.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This community-based study used a cross-sectional design. Two neighboring cities, that is, district headquarter from North (Bidar and Vijayapura) and South (Mandya and Chikkamagaluru) Karnataka were considered for the study. A total of 207 vendors and 204 smokers were selected using time-cluster sampling. Data was collected using observation and interview methods. Semi-structured interview schedules were administered to smokers and vendors. Percentages and frequencies were used to describe the data.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Most tobacco vendors (92%) and smokers (91%) were unaware of the loose tobacco ban. Most smokers (76%) perceive that buying cigarettes in packets would increase smoking. Most smokers (96%) prefer to buy cigarettes in loose. The sale of loose tobacco was widely prevalent (94%) in the four surveyed cities. Point of sale of loose tobacco includes tea shops (38%), petty shops (31%), pan shops (25%), and bakeries (6%).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>There is a high degree of noncompliance with Section 7 (2) of COTPA, 2003 regarding ban on selling loose tobacco.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/02537176221127139","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,31]],"date-time":"2022-10-31T01:41:10Z","timestamp":1667180470000},"page":"139-145","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Compliance with Section 7 (2) of the Cigarettes and Other Tobacco Products Act (COTPA) 2003, Ban of Sale of Loose Tobacco, in Karnataka: A Cross-Sectional Study"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"45","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6086-8133","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sinu","family":"Ezhumalai","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Dept. of Psychiatric Social Work, National Institute of Mental Health and NeuroSciences, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5248-9045","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Backiyaraj","family":"Shanmugam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dept. of Psychiatric Social Work, National Institute of Mental Health and NeuroSciences, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Prabhat Kumar","family":"Chand","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dept. of Psychiatry, Centre for Addiction Medicine, National Institute of Mental Health and NeuroSciences, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pratima","family":"Murthy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dept. of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health And NeuroSciences, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-02537176221127139","unstructured":"Tata Institute of Social Sciences (TISS), Mumbai and Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Government of India. Global Adult Tobacco Survey (GATS)-2 India, 2016-17. https:\/\/ntcp.nhp.gov.in\/assets\/document\/surveys-reports-publications\/Global-Adult-Tobacco-Survey-Second-Round-India-2016-2017.pdf (accessed May2, 2022)."},{"key":"bibr2-02537176221127139","unstructured":"Government of India. The Cigarettes and Other Tobacco Products (Prohibition of Advertisement and regulation of Trade and Commerce, Production, Supply and Distribution) Act, 2003. http:\/\/legislative.gov.in\/sites\/default\/files\/A2003-34.pdf. Published May 18, 2003 (accessed May2, 2022)."},{"key":"bibr3-02537176221127139","unstructured":"The Hindu. Karnataka bans sale of loose cigarettes. https:\/\/www.thehindu.com\/news\/national\/karnataka\/karnataka-bans-sale-loose-cigarettes\/article19765570.ece (accessed February22, 2022)"},{"key":"bibr4-02537176221127139","unstructured":"Bangalore Mirror. Karnataka Government bans sale of loose cigarettes tobacco products with immediate effects. https:\/\/bangaloremirror.indiatimes.com\/bangalore\/others\/bengaluru-ban-on-loose-sale-of-cigarettes-tobacco-products-with-immediate-effect\/articleshow\/60859886.cms (accessed February22, 2022)."},{"key":"bibr5-02537176221127139","unstructured":"Rao Sunitha R. Karnataka bans sale of loose tobacco. The Times of India. https:\/\/timesofindia.indiatimes.com\/india\/karnataka-bans-sale-of-loose-cigarettes\/articleshow\/60860466.cms (accessed February22, 2022)."},{"key":"bibr6-02537176221127139","volume-title":"Assessing compliance with tobacco packaging and labelling regulations","author":"Institute for Global Tobacco Control","year":"2020"},{"key":"bibr7-02537176221127139","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.47203\/IJCH.2020.v32i02.016"},{"key":"bibr8-02537176221127139","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/0974-5009.202540"},{"key":"bibr9-02537176221127139","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pmedr.2020.101055"},{"key":"bibr10-02537176221127139","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7314\/APJCP.2015.16.13.5579"},{"key":"bibr11-02537176221127139","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11524-013-9854-3"},{"key":"bibr12-02537176221127139","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2013.03.007"},{"key":"bibr13-02537176221127139","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5455\/njcm.20200716055844"},{"key":"bibr14-02537176221127139","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2013.02.003"},{"key":"bibr15-02537176221127139","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7314\/APJCP.2012.13.8.4173"},{"key":"bibr16-02537176221127139","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"322","DOI":"10.4103\/jiaphd.jiaphd_71_18","volume":"16","author":"Shilpashree KB","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Indian Assoc Public Health Dent"},{"key":"bibr17-02537176221127139","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ntr\/nts087"},{"key":"bibr18-02537176221127139","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pmedr.2018.09.016"},{"key":"bibr19-02537176221127139","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hec.1282"},{"key":"bibr20-02537176221127139","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/tobaccocontrol-2014-051690"},{"key":"bibr21-02537176221127139","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/tc.2008.029132"},{"key":"bibr22-02537176221127139","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijtb.2021.08.029"},{"key":"bibr23-02537176221127139","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.31557\/APJCP.2021.22.S2.51"},{"key":"bibr24-02537176221127139","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/inthealth\/ihu028"},{"key":"bibr25-02537176221127139","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/tobaccocontrol-2012-050673"},{"key":"bibr26-02537176221127139","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/tobaccocontrol-2016-053559"},{"key":"bibr27-02537176221127139","unstructured":"African Tobacco Control Alliance. Sale of single sticks of cigarettes in Africa. Survey report from 10 capital cities. https:\/\/atca-africa.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/Report-Sale-of-Single-Sticks-in-Africa.pdf. (2018, accessed May2, 2022)."}],"container-title":["Indian Journal of Psychological Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/02537176221127139","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/02537176221127139","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/02537176221127139","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T16:44:03Z","timestamp":1777653843000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/02537176221127139"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,30]]},"references-count":27,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,3]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/02537176221127139"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/02537176221127139","relation":{},"ISSN":["0253-7176","0975-1564"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0253-7176","type":"print"},{"value":"0975-1564","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,30]]}}}