{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,29]],"date-time":"2026-05-29T12:37:39Z","timestamp":1780058259677,"version":"3.54.0"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,28]],"date-time":"2026-01-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769558400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,28]],"date-time":"2026-01-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769558400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Indian Journal of Psychological Medicine"],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Child sexual abuse (CSA) has profound psychiatric and developmental consequences; however, the relationship between specific abuse characteristics and mental health outcomes in the Indian context remains insufficiently studied. This study examined psychiatric morbidity, developmental psychopathology, and functional impairment among children with CSA.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A cross-sectional study was conducted with 100 children aged 6\u201317 years whose cases were registered under the Protection of Children from Sexual Offenses (POCSO) Act and referred to a government-supported protection center. Data were collected using a semi-structured interview, the Developmental Psychopathology Checklist (DPCL), DSM-5-TR\u2013based clinical evaluations, and the Children\u2019s Global Assessment Scale (CGAS). Associations between abuse characteristics and psychiatric outcomes were analyzed using\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">\u03c7<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      tests and logistic regression.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The mean age was 10.87 years (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">SD<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 3.22). Perpetrators were known to the child in 66% of cases, and 55% of participants experienced vaginal or anal penetration. Overall psychiatric morbidity was 53% (95% CI: 43.2\u201362.6). Common diagnoses included post-traumatic stress disorder (28%, 95% CI: 20.0\u201337.6), conduct disorder (21%, 95% CI: 14.2\u201330.0), and depression (17%, 95% CI: 10.9\u201325.5). Suicidality was reported in 12% (95% CI: 6.8\u201319.8). Vaginal\/anal penetration was associated with higher rates of PTSD (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">\u03c7<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      = 8.67,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      = .003) and depression (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">\u03c7<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      = 4.15,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      = .04). Longer duration of abuse was associated with higher suicidality (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">\u03c7<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      = 6.30,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      = .01). More severe physical injury was associated with higher suicidality (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">\u03c7<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      = 6.30,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      = .01). Self-blame was associated with higher rates of adjustment disorder (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">\u03c7<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      = 4.98,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      = .02). The mean CGAS score was 69.20 (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">SD<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 12.16), reflecting mild-to-moderate functional impairment.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>CSA survivors exhibit substantial psychiatric and functional difficulties, with specific abuse patterns linked to distinct mental health outcomes. Early trauma-focused assessment, caregiver psychoeducation, and timely psychosocial interventions are crucial to improving recovery trajectories.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/02537176251414272","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,28]],"date-time":"2026-01-28T12:42:31Z","timestamp":1769604151000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Profiles of Sexual Assault, Psychiatric Morbidity, and Global Functioning in Survivors of Child Sexual Abuse: A Cross-sectional Study"],"prefix":"10.1177","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-6538-7624","authenticated-orcid":false,"family":"Lakshmi Keerthana T","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Dept. of Psychiatry, St. John\u2019s Medical College and Hospital, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"family":"Sireesha S","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dept. of Psychiatry, Government Medical College, Yadadri, Telangana, India."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"family":"Aparna M","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dept. of Psychiatry, Osmania Medical College, Hyderabad, Telangana, India."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","volume-title":"Census of India 2011 provisional population totals","author":"Office of the Registrar General and Census Commissioner","year":"2011","unstructured":"Office of the Registrar General and Census Commissioner. Census of India 2011 provisional population totals. New Delhi: Government of India, 2011."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","volume-title":"Report of the consultation on child abuse prevention, 29\u201331 March 1999, WHO, Geneva","author":"World Health Organization","year":"1999","unstructured":"World Health Organization. Report of the consultation on child abuse prevention, 29\u201331 March 1999, WHO, Geneva. Geneva: WHO, 1999."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0145-2134(94)90026-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","volume-title":"Study on child abuse: India 2007","author":"Kacker L","year":"2007","unstructured":"Kacker L, , Vardan S, and Kumar P. Study on child abuse: India 2007. New Delhi: Ministry of Women and Child Development, Government of India, 2007."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2020-044983"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00224490009552052"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_3_3_8_2","first-page":"339","article-title":"Child protection: Scenario in India","volume":"2","author":"Deb S","year":"2009","unstructured":"Deb S. Child protection: Scenario in India. Int J Child Health Hum Dev, 2009; 2(3): 339\u2013348.","journal-title":"Int J Child Health Hum Dev"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0205086"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0976343020140212"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_3_3_11_2","first-page":"123","article-title":"Retrospective review of child sexual abuse at a tertiary hospital in South India","volume":"33","author":"Bhaskaran R","year":"2015","unstructured":"Bhaskaran R, , Pandian G, and Hariharan M. Retrospective review of child sexual abuse at a tertiary hospital in South India. NIMHANS J, 2015; 33(2): 123\u2013129.","journal-title":"NIMHANS J"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_12_2","series-title":"Unpublished manuscript","volume-title":"The sexual assault profile","author":"Conte J","year":"1984","unstructured":"Conte J, and Berliner L. The sexual assault profile. Unpublished manuscript, University of Washington, School of Social Work, Seattle, WA, 1984."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1001349"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.books.9780890425787"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_3_3_15_2","first-page":"12","article-title":"Developmental Psychopathology Checklist for Children (DPCL): A preliminary report","volume":"13","author":"Kapur M","year":"1995","unstructured":"Kapur M, , Barnabas I, , Reddy MV, . Developmental Psychopathology Checklist for Children (DPCL): A preliminary report. NIMHANS J, 1995; 13(1): 12\u201317.","journal-title":"NIMHANS J"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1983.01790100074010"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_17_2","volume-title":"Fourth national incidence study of child abuse and neglect (NIS-4)","author":"Sedlak AJ","year":"2010","unstructured":"Sedlak AJ, , Mettenburg J, , Basena M, . Fourth national incidence study of child abuse and neglect (NIS-4). 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