{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,22]],"date-time":"2026-08-22T11:25:30Z","timestamp":1787397930452,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787011200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787011200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Indian Journal of Psychological Medicine"],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Attention-deficit\/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is frequently comorbid with sleep disturbances; evidence linking melatonin to objective neurocognitive outcomes in this population is lacking. The present study assessed the association of melatonin with parent-reported sleep disturbance scores and Stroop Color\u2013Word Test performance in children and adolescents with ADHD and comorbid sleep disturbances on stable pharmacotherapy.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Prospective, open-label, single-arm, 6-week study. Thirty-three participants (ADHD; Children\u2019s Sleep Habits Questionnaire [CSHQ] score \u226541) on stable methylphenidate or atomoxetine were enrolled; 32 completed follow-up. Melatonin (3 mg\/day &lt;40 kg; 5 mg\/day \u226540 kg) was administered 1 hour before bedtime. Primary outcome: CSHQ total score (baseline, weeks 2, 4, 6). Secondary outcome: Psychology Experiment Building Language Stroop Color\u2013Word Test (baseline and week 6). Analysis involved repeated-measures analysis of variance and paired\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">t<\/jats:italic>\n                      tests.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Total CSHQ scores declined from 50.25 \u00b1 3.60 to 34.31 \u00b1 2.69 at 6 weeks (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">F<\/jats:italic>\n                      =506.238,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; .001, partial\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">\u03b7<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00b2=0.942), with significant improvement in six of eight subscales after Bonferroni correction. Pre- and post-Stroop scores showed large observed changes (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">d<\/jats:italic>\n                      =1.12\u20131.19; all\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; .001), though practice effects cannot be excluded without a control group. Sleep\u2013cognition correlations were small and non-significant (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">r<\/jats:italic>\n                      =0.19\u20130.29;\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      &gt; .10). Adverse effects were mild and transient.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Pre- and post-improvements in parent-reported sleep scores and Stroop performance were observed over 6 weeks of melatonin use; given the single-arm design, causal attribution is not possible. Randomized controlled trials with objective sleep measures and parallel cognitive assessment forms are warranted.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/02537176261472435","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T11:37:12Z","timestamp":1787053032000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Sleep and Stroop Performance with Adjunctive Melatonin in Pharmacotherapy-stable Pediatric ADHD: A Prospective Open-label Study"],"prefix":"10.1177","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-1684-9200","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ritwick","family":"Tripathi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Dept. of Psychiatry, King George\u2019s Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7469-5114","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shweta","family":"Singh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dept. of Psychiatry, King George\u2019s Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7496-3462","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Amit","family":"Arya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dept. of Psychiatry, King George\u2019s Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2534-1288","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vivek","family":"Agarwal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dept. of Psychiatry, King George\u2019s Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/mono.12141"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41593-019-0467-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5665\/sleep.2814"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12402-016-0214-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/CHI.0b013e3181ac09c9"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pop.2008.06.003"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1081\/CBI-200062410"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12402-014-0151-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/07420520500545979"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejpn.2014.12.007"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.e6664"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0883073818821030"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_3_3_14_2","first-page":"S34","article-title":"The prevalence and patterns of sleep problem in children with ADHD","volume":"101","author":"Hosiri T","year":"2018","unstructured":"Hosiri T, , Punyapas S, and Sawangsri W. 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