{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T17:26:23Z","timestamp":1777915583108,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":78,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,7]],"date-time":"2018-03-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1520380800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"name":"School of Social Work, University of North Carolina","award":["P30 AI50410"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P30 AI50410"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Nutr Health"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The intersection of nutrition and HIV underscores the importance of adequate food and a diverse diet. In communities with high prevalence of food insecurity and HIV, there is a substantial co-occurrence of low dietary diversity, undernutrition, and adverse health outcomes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aim:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The aim of this study was to identify correlates of individual dietary diversity (IDD) and its association with health outcomes for people living with HIV (PLHIV) in rural Zambia.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The study used a cross-sectional design using data from 101 PLHIV. We calculated IDD using a composite score based on dietary diversity, food frequency, and the relative nutritional importance of different food groups. Adherence was measured using the visual analog scale. Psychosocial functioning was measured using the Structural Barriers to Medication-taking Scale and the Perceived Stress Scale. Data were analyzed using linear and logistic regressions. Multiple imputation was conducted to address missing data.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Staples were the most commonly consumed food group. Income and household size were negatively associated with IDD scores. Assets were positively associated with IDD scores. Residing in Lundazi and having a poor or fair self-rated health were associated with lower IDD scores. IDD was also associated, albeit not significant, with desirable health outcomes, including adherence and lower levels of perceived barriers to pill taking and stress.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Findings suggest a heterogeneous effect of socioeconomic variables on IDD. Understanding this heterogeneity is important for the design of interventions. Interventions that combine opportunities to generate economic resources with food and nutrition coaching may be appropriate and effective.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/0260106018761282","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,7]],"date-time":"2018-03-07T08:23:50Z","timestamp":1520411030000},"page":"93-102","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Socioeconomic correlates of dietary diversity and its association with adherence and psychosocial functioning of people living with HIV in rural Zambia"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"24","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0484-3107","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rainier","family":"Masa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Social Work, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA"},{"name":"Global Social Development Innovations, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gina","family":"Chowa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Social Work, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA"},{"name":"Global Social Development Innovations, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Victor","family":"Nyirenda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Global Social Development Innovations, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-0260106018761282","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4135\/9781412985079"},{"key":"bibr2-0260106018761282","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/PPA.S25672"},{"key":"bibr3-0260106018761282","volume-title":"Poor Economics: A Radical Rethinking of the Way to Fight Global Poverty","author":"Banerjee AV","year":"2011"},{"key":"bibr4-0260106018761282","volume-title":"HIV\/AIDS and the Crisis of Rural Livelihood: A Case Study of a Buhaya Village, Bukoba, Tanzania","author":"Barnett T","year":"2000"},{"key":"bibr5-0260106018761282","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2334-13-233"},{"key":"bibr6-0260106018761282","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09540121003617372"},{"key":"bibr7-0260106018761282","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/0145935X.2015.1037046"},{"key":"bibr8-0260106018761282","volume-title":"Household Food Insecurity Access Scale (HFIAS) for Measurement of Food Access: Indicator Guide","author":"Coates J","year":"2007"},{"key":"bibr9-0260106018761282","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10461-012-0374-z"},{"key":"bibr10-0260106018761282","first-page":"31","volume-title":"The Social Psychology of Health: Claremont Symposium on Applied Social Psychology","author":"Cohen S","year":"1988"},{"key":"bibr11-0260106018761282","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/2136404"},{"key":"bibr12-0260106018761282","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12888-017-1221-6"},{"issue":"7","key":"bibr13-0260106018761282","first-page":"42","volume":"44","author":"Deaton A","year":"2009","journal-title":"Economic and Political Weekly"},{"key":"bibr14-0260106018761282","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/15648265100314S403"},{"key":"bibr15-0260106018761282","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/2193-1801-2-222"},{"key":"bibr16-0260106018761282","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/85.2.333"},{"key":"bibr17-0260106018761282","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-277X.2008.00886.x"},{"key":"bibr18-0260106018761282","first-page":"101","volume":"19","author":"Enders C","year":"2006","journal-title":"Advances in Learning and Behavioral Disorders"},{"key":"bibr19-0260106018761282","volume-title":"Applied Missing Data Analysis","author":"Enders CK","year":"2010"},{"key":"bibr20-0260106018761282","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/03670244.2016.1261024"},{"key":"bibr21-0260106018761282","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13524-011-0077-5"},{"key":"bibr22-0260106018761282","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12981-017-0143-1"},{"key":"bibr23-0260106018761282","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2009.10.044"},{"key":"bibr24-0260106018761282","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.psych.58.110405.085530"},{"key":"bibr25-0260106018761282","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11121-007-0070-9"},{"key":"bibr26-0260106018761282","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0018505"},{"key":"bibr27-0260106018761282","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2458-13-943"},{"key":"bibr28-0260106018761282","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21106\/ijma.164"},{"key":"bibr29-0260106018761282","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1891\/1061-3749.24.2.190"},{"key":"bibr30-0260106018761282","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1232491"},{"key":"bibr31-0260106018761282","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2017.01.023"},{"key":"bibr32-0260106018761282","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09540120220123685"},{"key":"bibr33-0260106018761282","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/605573"},{"key":"bibr34-0260106018761282","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1257\/aer.98.4.1553"},{"key":"bibr35-0260106018761282","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2009.05.013"},{"key":"bibr36-0260106018761282","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/2325957414557263"},{"key":"bibr37-0260106018761282","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S136898001200050X"},{"key":"bibr38-0260106018761282","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2458-10-513"},{"key":"bibr39-0260106018761282","volume-title":"Regression Models for Categorical Dependent Variables Using Stata","author":"Long JS","year":"2006"},{"key":"bibr40-0260106018761282","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2008.137174"},{"key":"bibr41-0260106018761282","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0003-066X.41.9.954"},{"key":"bibr42-0260106018761282","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/03670244.2017.1311256"},{"key":"bibr43-0260106018761282","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/011542650301800186"},{"key":"bibr44-0260106018761282","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/138.9.1705"},{"key":"bibr45-0260106018761282","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0085327"},{"key":"bibr46-0260106018761282","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3945\/jn.116.234229"},{"key":"bibr47-0260106018761282","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09540121.2011.630358"},{"key":"bibr48-0260106018761282","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1353\/hpu.2014.0153"},{"key":"bibr49-0260106018761282","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S1368980015002207"},{"issue":"5","key":"bibr50-0260106018761282","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0126038","volume":"10","author":"Ntwenya JE","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"bibr51-0260106018761282","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.healthpol.2010.08.018"},{"key":"bibr52-0260106018761282","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2989\/AJAR.2009.8.3.12.933"},{"key":"bibr53-0260106018761282","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0062353"},{"key":"bibr54-0260106018761282","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-133-1-200007040-00004"},{"key":"bibr78-0260106018761282","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1753-4887.2001.tb06967.x"},{"key":"bibr55-0260106018761282","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2989\/16085906.2013.864983"},{"key":"bibr56-0260106018761282","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/QAI.0b013e3182797363"},{"key":"bibr57-0260106018761282","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10461-015-1183-y"},{"key":"bibr58-0260106018761282","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S1368980015001822"},{"key":"bibr59-0260106018761282","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/133.11.3911S"},{"key":"bibr60-0260106018761282","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1079\/BJN2001464"},{"key":"bibr61-0260106018761282","volume-title":"HIV\/AIDS: A Guide for Nutritional Care and Support","author":"Seume-Fosso E","year":"2004"},{"key":"bibr62-0260106018761282","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1465-7295.1988.tb01520.x"},{"key":"bibr63-0260106018761282","volume-title":"Armonk","author":"Sherraden M","year":"1991"},{"key":"bibr64-0260106018761282","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10461-014-0905-x"},{"key":"bibr65-0260106018761282","volume-title":"Stata Statistical Software: Release 14","author":"StataCorp","year":"2015"},{"key":"bibr66-0260106018761282","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0098308"},{"key":"bibr77-0260106018761282","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1745-6215-15-264"},{"key":"bibr67-0260106018761282","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1475-2891-11-51"},{"key":"bibr68-0260106018761282","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2011.09.026"},{"key":"bibr69-0260106018761282","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0962280206074463"},{"key":"bibr70-0260106018761282","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3945\/ajcn.111.012070"},{"key":"bibr71-0260106018761282","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/sim.4067"},{"key":"bibr72-0260106018761282","volume-title":"Food Consumption Analysis. Calculation and Use of the Food Consumption Score in Food Security Analysis","author":"World Food Programme","year":"2008"},{"key":"bibr73-0260106018761282","volume-title":"2010 Census of Population and Housing. Population Summary Report","author":"Zambia Central Statistical Office","year":"2012"},{"key":"bibr74-0260106018761282","volume-title":"2010 Census of Population and Housing (Volume 11 National Descriptive Tables)","author":"Zambia Central Statistical Office","year":"2012"},{"key":"bibr75-0260106018761282","volume-title":"Zambia Country Report: Monitoring the Declaration of Commitment on HIV and AIDS and the Universal Access","author":"Zambia National AIDS Council","year":"2014"},{"key":"bibr76-0260106018761282","unstructured":"Zimba J (2015) Lundazi: small town with big dreams. Zambia Daily Mail Limited, 25 February. Available at: www.daily-mail.co.zm\/lundazi-small-town-big-dreams\/ (accessed August 4, 2017)."}],"container-title":["Nutrition and Health"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/0260106018761282","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/0260106018761282","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/0260106018761282","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T17:24:24Z","timestamp":1777656264000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/0260106018761282"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,7]]},"references-count":78,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,6]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/0260106018761282"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0260106018761282","relation":{},"ISSN":["0260-1060","2047-945X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0260-1060","type":"print"},{"value":"2047-945X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,7]]}}}