{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T17:26:29Z","timestamp":1777915589986,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":62,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,13]],"date-time":"2018-08-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1534118400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Nutr Health"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Ingestion of nitrate (NO\n                      <jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\n                      <jats:sup>-<\/jats:sup>\n                      )-containing vegetables, alcohol and polyphenols, separately, can reduce blood pressure (BP). However, the pharmacokinetic response to the combined ingestion of NO\n                      <jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\n                      <jats:sup>-<\/jats:sup>\n                      and polyphenol-rich or low polyphenol alcoholic beverages is unknown.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aim:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The aim of this study was to investigate how the consumption of low and high polyphenolic alcoholic beverages combined with a NO\n                      <jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\n                      <jats:sup>-<\/jats:sup>\n                      -rich meal can influence NO\n                      <jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\n                      <jats:sup>-<\/jats:sup>\n                      metabolism and systemic BP.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      In a randomised, crossover trial, 12 normotensive males (age 25 \u00b1 5 years) ingested an acute dose of NO\n                      <jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\n                      <jats:sup>-<\/jats:sup>\n                      (\u223c6.05 mmol) in the form of a green leafy salad, in combination with either a polyphenol-rich red wine (NIT-RW), a low polyphenol alcoholic beverage (vodka; NIT-A) or water (NIT-CON). Participants also consumed a low NO\n                      <jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\n                      <jats:sup>-<\/jats:sup>\n                      salad and water as a control (CON; \u223c0.69 mmol NO\n                      <jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\n                      <jats:sup>-<\/jats:sup>\n                      ). BP and plasma, salivary and urinary [NO\n                      <jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\n                      <jats:sup>-<\/jats:sup>\n                      ] and nitrite ([NO\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      <jats:sup>-<\/jats:sup>\n                      ]) were determined before and up to 5 h post ingestion.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Each NO\n                      <jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\n                      <jats:sup>-<\/jats:sup>\n                      -rich condition elevated nitric oxide (NO) biomarkers when compared with CON ( P &lt; 0.05). The peak rise in plasma [NO\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      <jats:sup>-<\/jats:sup>\n                      ] occurred 1 h after NIT-RW (292 \u00b1 210 nM) and 2 h after NIT-A (318 \u00b1 186 nM) and NIT-CON (367 \u00b1 179 nM). Systolic BP was reduced 2 h post consumption of NIT-RW (-4 mmHg), NIT-A (-3 mmHg) and NIT-CON (-2 mmHg) compared with CON ( P &lt; 0.05). Diastolic BP and mean arterial pressure were also lower in NIT-RW and NIT-A compared with NIT-CON ( P &lt; 0.05).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A NO\n                      <jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\n                      <jats:sup>-<\/jats:sup>\n                      -rich meal, consumed with or without an alcoholic beverage, increases plasma [NO\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      <jats:sup>-<\/jats:sup>\n                      ] and lowers systemic BP for 2\u20133 h post ingestion.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  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