{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,27]],"date-time":"2026-08-27T14:29:27Z","timestamp":1787840967120,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":66,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,28]],"date-time":"2020-01-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1580169600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001772","name":"University of New England","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["University of New England scholarship award (UNERA"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["University of New England scholarship award (UNERA"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001772","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Nutr Health"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Studies have shown that the amount of protein in the diet affects the hypothalamic-pituitary-testis axis and sub-optimal quantity reduces male fertility potential in both animals and humans. However, individual research reports on the factors associated with male infertility are collectively uncharacterized.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aim:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We systematically reviewed, and meta-analysed animal (rats) studies on the effect of low protein diet on factors associated with male infertility.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>PubMed Central, EMBASE and Scopus databases were searched from inception to 30 March 2019 for the study concepts and related keywords in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) protocol. Data on the outcome measures were extracted and pooled across trials using random-effects model and expressed as mean differences (MD) at a 95% confidence interval (CI).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Twelve trials identified from 3327 studies, met our inclusion criteria in the comparison of a low protein diet (2\u201310% protein) vs control protein diet (17\u201323% protein). The results showed that a low protein diet caused a significant reduction in the body weight ( P = 0.0001) testis weight ( P = 0.0001), seminal vesicle weight ( P = 0.0003), epididymis weight P = 0.02), serum testosterone ( P = 0.001) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) concentrations ( P = 0.04) compared with the control treatments. No effect on luteinizing hormone (LH) plasma concentration ( P = 0.13) was observed.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study revealed that low protein diet caused significant reductions in body weight, testis, epididymis and seminal vesicle weights, serum testosterone and FSH concentration in rats. We infer that sub-optimal protein consumption reduces the gonadal and endocrine function, and consequently male infertility.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/0260106019900731","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,29]],"date-time":"2020-01-29T01:52:16Z","timestamp":1580262736000},"page":"53-64","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":32,"title":["The effect of dietary protein intake on factors associated with male infertility: A systematic literature review and meta-analysis of animal clinical trials in rats"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"26","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0865-4290","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Peter Kelechi","family":"Ajuogu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Science and Technology, University of New England, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohammed AK","family":"Al-Aqbi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Science and Technology, University of New England, Australia"},{"name":"College of Agriculture, Wasit University, Iraq"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5898-831X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Robert A","family":"Hart","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Science and Technology, University of New England, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mitchell","family":"Wolden","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Physical Therapy Program, University of Jamestown, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Neil A","family":"Smart","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Science and Technology, University of New England, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James R","family":"McFarlane","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Science and Technology, University of New England, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-0260106019900731","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/01485010150211119"},{"key":"bibr2-0260106019900731","first-page":"272","volume":"4","author":"Bharadwaj S","year":"2016","journal-title":"Gastroenterology Report"},{"key":"bibr3-0260106019900731","first-page":"421","volume":"4","author":"Bindari YR","year":"2013","journal-title":"Advances in Applied Science Research"},{"key":"bibr4-0260106019900731","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.repbio.2013.07.002"},{"key":"bibr5-0260106019900731","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/endo-128-3-1532"},{"key":"bibr6-0260106019900731","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem-73-1-35"},{"key":"bibr7-0260106019900731","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1095\/biolreprod47.1.29"},{"key":"bibr8-0260106019900731","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.02110923"},{"key":"bibr9-0260106019900731","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1530\/JOE-17-0606"},{"key":"bibr10-0260106019900731","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2004-814198"},{"key":"bibr11-0260106019900731","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/130.3.514"},{"key":"bibr12-0260106019900731","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.315.7109.629"},{"key":"bibr13-0260106019900731","first-page":"1177","volume":"63","author":"Elmaz O","year":"2007","journal-title":"Medycyna Weterynaryjna"},{"key":"bibr14-0260106019900731","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5264\/eiyogakuzashi.52.211"},{"key":"bibr15-0260106019900731","unstructured":"Food and Agriculture Organization, World Food Programme and European Union (2018) Global report on food crises 2018. 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