{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,29]],"date-time":"2026-08-29T16:37:53Z","timestamp":1788021473982,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":92,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,20]],"date-time":"2023-06-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1687219200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,20]],"date-time":"2023-06-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1687219200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009660","name":"London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009660","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Nutr Health"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Background:<\/jats:bold>\n                    Anthropometric measurements, including mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC), are used for monitoring and evaluating children's nutritional status. Evidence is limited on optimal nutritional assessment for children with disabilities, who are at high risk for malnutrition.\n                    <jats:bold>Aim:<\/jats:bold>\n                    This study describes MUAC use among children with disabilities.\n                    <jats:bold>Methods:<\/jats:bold>\n                    Four databases (Embase, Global Health, Medline, and CINHAL) were searched from January 1990 through September 2021 using a predefined search strategy. Of the 305 publications screened, 32 papers were included. Data included children 6 months to 18 years old with disabilities. Data including general study characteristics, methods for MUAC measurement, terminology, and measurement references were extracted into Excel. Due to heterogeneity of the data, a narrative synthesis was used.\n                    <jats:bold>Results:<\/jats:bold>\n                    Studies from 24 countries indicate that MUAC is being used as part of nutritional assessment, but MUAC measurement methods, references, and cutoffs were inconsistent. Sixteen (50%) reported MUAC as a mean\u2009\u00b1\u2009standard deviation (SD), 11 (34%) reported ranges or percentiles, 6 (19%) reported z-scores, and 4 (13%) used other methods. Fourteen (45%) studies included both MUAC and weight-for-height but nonstandard reporting limited comparability of the indicators for identifying those at risk of malnutrition.\n                    <jats:bold>Conclusion:<\/jats:bold>\n                    Although its speed, simplicity, and ease of use afford MUAC great potential for assessing children with disabilities, more research is needed to understand its appropriateness, and how it performs at identifying nutritionally high-risk children in comparison to other measures. Without validated inclusive measures to identify malnutrition and monitor growth and health, millions of children could have severe consequences for their development.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/02601060231181607","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,20]],"date-time":"2023-06-20T11:12:47Z","timestamp":1687259567000},"page":"95-116","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC) measurement usage among children with disabilities: A systematic review"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"32","author":[{"given":"Julia","family":"Hayes","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Nutrition and Health Services, Holt International, Eugene, Oregon, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Quiring","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nutrition and Health Services, Holt International, Eugene, Oregon, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marko","family":"Kerac","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine"},{"name":"Centre for Maternal, Adolescent, Reproductive, &amp; Child Health (MARCH), London School of Hygiene &amp; Tropical Medicine, University of London, London, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tracey","family":"Smythe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine"},{"name":"Stellenbosch University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cally J","family":"Tann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Maternal, Adolescent, Reproductive, &amp; Child Health (MARCH), London School of Hygiene &amp; Tropical Medicine, University of London, London, UK"},{"name":"Faculty of Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine"},{"name":"MRC\/UVRI & LSHTM Uganda Research Unit"},{"name":"University College London Hospitals NHS Trust"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nora","family":"Groce","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UCL International Disability Research Centre, Department of Epidemiology and Health Care, University College London, London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zerihun","family":"Gultie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Holt International Ethiopia, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lydia","family":"Nyesigomwe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Holt International Uganda, Kampala, Uganda"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2286-6430","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Emily","family":"DeLacey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nutrition and Health Services, Holt International, Eugene, Oregon, USA"},{"name":"Faculty of Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine"},{"name":"Centre for Maternal, Adolescent, Reproductive, &amp; Child Health (MARCH), London School of Hygiene &amp; Tropical Medicine, University of London, London, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/scd.12436"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1179\/146532810X12858955921113"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/0253-7184.69003"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0189996"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jhn.12396"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-8749.2010.03632.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bhutta ZA Berkley JA Bandsma RHJ et al. 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