{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,3]],"date-time":"2026-08-03T06:46:35Z","timestamp":1785739595084,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,27]],"date-time":"2023-09-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1695772800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,27]],"date-time":"2023-09-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1695772800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Nutr Health"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Background:<\/jats:bold>\n                    The coexistence of stunting and wasting in a child increases the risk of mortality and requires more intensive treatment and care. However, there is limited research on the burden of concurrent stunting and wasting among children and the socioeconomic factors that are correlated with having both conditions.\n                    <jats:bold>Aim:<\/jats:bold>\n                    To understand the prevalence and sociodemographic correlates of stunting, wasting, and concurrent stunting and wasting among a sample of children ages 6\u2013144 months experiencing poverty in the Philippines.\n                    <jats:bold>Methods:<\/jats:bold>\n                    Cross-sectional data were drawn from nutrition screening and sociodemographic surveys conducted by International Care Ministries in 2018-2019. Descriptive statistics were calculated to determine the prevalence of stunting, wasting, and concurrent stunting and wasting. Multilevel logistic regression modelling was conducted to understand the sociodemographic factors that were associated with stunting and wasting.\n                    <jats:bold>Results:<\/jats:bold>\n                    Among the 3005 children in this sample, the prevalence of stunting, wasting, and concurrent stunting and wasting was 49.9%, 9.3%, and 4.6%, respectively. Children experiencing concurrent stunting and wasting lived in households in lower wealth index quintiles, had a household head with fewer years of education, and were more likely to experience food insecurity compared to children who were not stunted or wasted. The education of the household head, the number of household members, and the wealth of the household were correlated with stunting across age groups, while food insecurity was correlated with wasting among younger children.\n                    <jats:bold>Conclusion:<\/jats:bold>\n                    The presence of concurrent stunting and wasting among children provides the impetus to integrate both conditions into nutrition monitoring, prevention, and treatment interventions.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/02601060231203422","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,27]],"date-time":"2023-09-27T05:15:40Z","timestamp":1695791740000},"page":"585-596","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Sociodemographic factors associated with concurrent stunting and wasting among children experiencing extreme poverty in the Philippines: A cross-sectional study"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"31","author":[{"given":"Monica","family":"Bustos","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Waterloo"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lincoln","family":"Lau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Waterloo"},{"name":"International Care Ministries, Manila, Philippines"},{"name":"University of Toronto"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Helena","family":"Manguerra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"International Care Ministries, Manila, Philippines"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0774-7644","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Warren","family":"Dodd","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Waterloo"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_1","volume-title":"Sa Pantawid Malapit nang Makatawid!\u201d (With Pantawid we are closer to getting out of poverty!) An Update of the Philippine Conditional Cash Transfer\u2019s Implementation Performance","author":"Acosta P","year":"2015","unstructured":"Acosta P, Velarde R (2015) Sa Pantawid Malapit nang Makatawid!\u201d (With Pantawid we are closer to getting out of poverty!) An Update of the Philippine Conditional Cash Transfer\u2019s Implementation Performance. Report for the World Bank. Report no. 8, October. Washington DC: World Bank."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0153221"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_1","unstructured":"Ballard T Coates J Swindale A et al. (2011) Household Hunger Scale: Indicator Definition and Measurement Guide. https:\/\/www.fantaproject.org\/sites\/default\/files\/resources\/HHS-Indicator-Guide-Aug2011.pdf (accessed 30 January 2023)."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18637\/jss.v067.i01"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3945\/an.111.001263"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(13)60996-4"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_3_3_8_1","article-title":"Wasting and stunting-similarities and differences: Policy and programmatic implications","volume":"36","author":"Briend A","year":"2015","unstructured":"Briend A, Khara T, Dolan C (2015) Wasting and stunting-similarities and differences: Policy and programmatic implications. Food and Nutrition Bulletin 36(suppl1): S15\u2013S23.","journal-title":"Food and Nutrition Bulletin"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/10105395231189570"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13690-018-0267-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_11_1","unstructured":"Chakraborty S (2013) Philippines\u2019 government sponsored health coverage program for poor households. In The World Bank (Issue 22). https:\/\/openknowledge.worldbank.org\/handle\/10986\/13296%0Ahttp:\/\/documents.worldbank.org\/curated\/en\/2013\/01\/17210105\/philippines-government-sponsored-health-coverage-program-poor-households (accessed 30 January 2022)."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1596\/34784"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S1474746422000215"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12913-021-06452-x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_15_1","unstructured":"DOST-FNRI (2015) 2015 Updating of the Nutritional Status of Filipino Children and Other Population Groups ANTHROPOMETRIC SURVEY. http:\/\/enutrition.fnri.dost.gov.ph\/site\/uploads\/2015_ANTHROPOMETRIC_SURVEY.pdf (accessed 30 January 2023)."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_16_1","unstructured":"DOST-FNRI (2020) Philippine Nutrition Facts and Figures 2018 Expanded National Nutrition Survey (ENNS). http:\/\/enutrition.fnri.dost.gov.ph\/site\/uploads\/2018_ENNS_Facts_and_Figures.pdf (accessed 30 January 2023)."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/02601060221112810"},{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_3_3_18_1","first-page":"952","article-title":"Comparison of height measuring instruments for children used in two municipalities of Laguna Philippines","volume":"50","author":"Gordoncillo NP","year":"2019","unstructured":"Gordoncillo NP, Tandang NA, Talavera MTM, et al. (2019) Comparison of height measuring instruments for children used in two municipalities of Laguna Philippines. Southeast Asian Journal of Tropical Medicine and Public Health 50(5): 952\u2013965.","journal-title":"Southeast Asian Journal of Tropical Medicine and Public Health"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/03670244.2020.1813733"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/mcn.12817"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_3_3_21_1","article-title":"Inequality of Energy and Protein Adequacy Within the Filipino Household","volume":"5","author":"Javier CA","year":"2015","unstructured":"Javier CA, Kraft AD, Capuno JJ (2015) Inequality of Energy and Protein Adequacy Within the Filipino Household. BMJ Open 5(Suppl 1). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmjopen-2015-forum2015abstracts.77.","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-019-6688-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/mcn.12516"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2019-036091"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/11786329211068916"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3945\/an.111.001107"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mbuya N Demombynes G Piza S et al. (2021) Undernutrition in the Philippines: Scale Scope and Opportunities for Nutrition Policy and Programming. International Development in Focus. Washington DC: Work Bank Group. http:\/\/documents.worldbank.org\/curated\/en\/798061619807652635\/Undernutrition-in-the-Philippines-Scale-Scope-and-Opportunities-for-Nutrition-Policy-and-Programming (accessed January 30 2023).","DOI":"10.1596\/978-1-4648-1701-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3945\/ajcn.112.047639"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/135.6.1415"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0133542"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu12020559"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_32_1","unstructured":"Myatt M Guevarra E (2019) Package \u2018zscorer.\u2019https:\/\/cran.r-project.org\/web\/packages\/zscorer\/zscorer.pdf (accessed 30 January 2023)."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/16549716.2018.1483638"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1754.2010.01839.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/ijcm.IJCM_428_19"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_36_1","volume-title":"Hierarchical Linear Models. Applications and Data Analaysis Method","author":"Raudenbush SW","year":"2002","unstructured":"Raudenbush SW, Bryk AS (2002) Hierarchical Linear Models. Applications and Data Analaysis Method. 2nd ed. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.","edition":"2"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_37_1","unstructured":"R Core Team (2021) R: A language and environment for statistical computing. R Foundation for Statistical Computing Vienna Austria. https:\/\/www.r-project.org\/ (accessed 30 January 2023)."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0128666"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_39_1","unstructured":"Rutstein S Johnson K (2004) The DHS Wealth Index. https:\/\/dhsprogram.com\/publications\/publication-cr6-comparative-reports.cfm (accessed 30 January 2023)."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/nxac091"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/nqy326"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2022.792164"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/03670244.2016.1212710"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10875549.2021.2011818"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-019-6984-x"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_3_3_46_1","first-page":"30","article-title":"Acceptability of height measuring equipment of different materials among community nutrition and health workers and parents in Laguna Province, Philippines","volume":"56","author":"Talavera M","year":"2021","unstructured":"Talavera M, Gordoncillo N, Tandang N, et al. (2021) Acceptability of height measuring equipment of different materials among community nutrition and health workers and parents in Laguna Province, Philippines. Acta Medica Philippina 56(3): 30\u201336.","journal-title":"Acta Medica Philippina"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11524-020-00485-z"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/mcn.13246"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2431-14-239"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-016-3339-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ulep V (2021) Breaking the Curse: Addressing Chronic Malnutrition in the Philippines Using a Health System Lens. Report Philippines Institute for Development Studies. Quezon City. https:\/\/pidswebs.pids.gov.ph\/CDN\/PUBLICATIONS\/pidsdps2141.pdf (accessed 30 January 2023).","DOI":"10.62986\/dp2021.41"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_52_1","volume-title":"Improving Child Nutrition: The achievable imperative for global progress","author":"UNICEF","year":"2013","unstructured":"UNICEF (2013) Improving Child Nutrition: The achievable imperative for global progress. UNICEF. https:\/\/data.unicef.org\/resources\/improving-child-nutrition-the-achievable-imperative-for-global-progress\/ (accessed 30 January 2023)"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(07)61692-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(21)00394-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/heapol\/czl029"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2352-4642(19)30244-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_57_1","unstructured":"World Health Organisation (2020) Malnutrition. World Health Organization. https:\/\/www.who.int\/news-room\/fact-sheets\/detail\/malnutrition (accesesed 30 January 2023)."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_58_1","unstructured":"World Health Organization (2006) WHO child growth standards: length\/height-for-age weight-for-age weight-for-length weight-for-height and body mass index-for-age: methods and development. https:\/\/www.who.int\/publications\/i\/item\/924154693X (accessed 30 January 2023)."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/nxab054"}],"container-title":["Nutrition and Health"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/02601060231203422","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/02601060231203422","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/02601060231203422","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T17:27:57Z","timestamp":1777656477000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/02601060231203422"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,27]]},"references-count":58,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,4]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/02601060231203422"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/02601060231203422","relation":{},"ISSN":["0260-1060","2047-945X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0260-1060","type":"print"},{"value":"2047-945X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,27]]}}}