{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T16:48:42Z","timestamp":1791910122993,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":87,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,17]],"date-time":"2025-03-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1742169600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Nutr Health"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Meat consumption has been a common food selection for humans for millennia. Meat is rich in amino acids, delivers vast amounts of nutrients and assists in short term health and hypertrophy. However, meat consumption can induce the activation of mTOR and IGF-1, accelerated aging, vascular constriction, atherosclerosis, heart disease, increased risk of diabetes, systemic inflammatory effects, cancers (including colorectal and prostate cancers), advanced glycation end products, impaired immune function \/ increased susceptibility to infection via downstream advanced glycation end product accumulation, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon ingestion, increased homocysteine levels among many other pathophysiologies. Research papers showing health benefits of meat consumption versus other papers showing the detriment of meat have led to confusion as many cohorts such as bodybuilding, health and wellness groups, carnivore diet practitioners, online social media longevity groups and more are interested in data that exists across the peer reviewed literature, however, few papers offer a super wide view where meat consumption benefits and pitfalls are taken into account.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The need for such a systematic review is high as health enthusiasts incorrectly often quote single data points from papers showing a single benefit from consuming meat. This often leads to a higher consumption of meat. However, not all meat consumption is the same, and not all meat delivers the same benefits or detriments. Therefore, a systematic review of current literature has been performed to extrapolate the data into whether those interested in hypertrophy, short term nutrition and energy, and longevity should consume meat.\n                      <jats:bold>Aim:<\/jats:bold>\n                      The aim of this research is to dispel myths about meat consumption, such as that meat has a one size fits all benefit to all those that consume it regardless of genetics, or that consuming meat-based protein is the same across all meats.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A deep analysis of almost one hundred peer reviewed papers and surveys spanning decades of cohorts having a meat-based diet compared to those consuming a plant based diet has been performed. Further analysis on specific side effects and disease has also been performed.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The results of our systematic review show clearly that meat is great for hypertrophy, short term nutrition, short term energy requirements, but a very poor choice when it comes to healthy aging and longevity.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Animal protein is great for building muscle, short term energy, maintaining high levels of nutrients, but a carnivore diet holds too many adverse long term side effects to be considered a staple for a longevity-based diet. The evidence is very strong, that subjects interested in longevity and aging should shift their protein intake away from red and processed meats, and either toward white meats or plant-based sources if longevity is the goal.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/02601060251314575","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,17]],"date-time":"2025-03-17T12:04:48Z","timestamp":1742213088000},"page":"419-428","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["The protein paradox, carnivore diet &amp; hypertrophy versus longevity. 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