{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T17:29:28Z","timestamp":1777915768105,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":16,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,12]],"date-time":"2025-06-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1749686400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Nutr Health"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Vitamin A is a fat-soluble micronutrient crucial for vision, immune function, and cellular growth. Deficiency remains a significant public health issue, particularly in developing countries, contributing to increased morbidity and mortality. Despite various supplementation and fortification programs, vitamin A deficiency persists due to dietary inadequacies and socioeconomic disparities. Recent studies have also explored concerns about excessive intake, linking high doses to toxicity and adverse health outcomes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This letter aims to highlight the ongoing challenges in addressing vitamin A deficiency, emphasize the importance of balanced intake, and propose strategic interventions for improving vitamin A status globally. Strengthening public health initiatives and increasing awareness about the risks of both deficiency and toxicity can lead to better health outcomes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To assess the current burden of vitamin A deficiency, discuss the limitations of existing supplementation and fortification programs, and suggest evidence-based strategies to ensure optimal vitamin A levels in at-risk populations.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Not Applicable.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Despite extensive public health efforts, vitamin A deficiency affects millions, particularly children and pregnant women. While supplementation has shown benefits in reducing mortality and blindness, gaps in distribution, adherence, and dietary diversification hinder progress. Additionally, excessive vitamin A intake has been associated with hepatotoxicity and teratogenic effects, necessitating a balanced approach.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Addressing vitamin A deficiency requires a multifaceted approach, including sustainable dietary interventions, improved supplementation strategies, and stricter regulation of fortified foods to prevent toxicity. Strengthening nutrition education and integrating vitamin A programs with broader health initiatives can enhance effectiveness and long-term impact.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/02601060251349883","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,13]],"date-time":"2025-06-13T02:37:20Z","timestamp":1749782240000},"page":"827-830","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Is enteral vitamin A supplementation the right approach for preventing bronchopulmonary dysplasia in preterm infants?"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"31","author":[{"given":"Anum","family":"Akbar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics Newborn Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Muhammad Hamza","family":"Khan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Karachi Medical and Dental College, Karachi, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2355-911X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Amna","family":"Zaheer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Liaquat National Medical College and Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Asad","family":"Gul Rao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Dow University of Medical and Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu15112553"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1018941016563"},{"issue":"10","key":"e_1_3_3_4_1","first-page":"3408","article-title":"Scientific opinion on nutrient requirements and dietary intakes of infants and young children in the European Union","volume":"11","author":"Efsa Panel on Dietetic Products N and Allergies","year":"2013","unstructured":"Efsa Panel on Dietetic Products N and Allergies (2013) Scientific opinion on nutrient requirements and dietary intakes of infants and young children in the European Union. EFSA Journal 11(10): 3408.","journal-title":"EFSA Journal"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_1","unstructured":"Guidelines Review Committee (2011 January 1) Vitamin A supplementation for infants 1\u20135 months of age. Available at: https:\/\/www.who.int\/publications\/i\/item\/9789241501811"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/PHMT.S287693"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21037\/tp-21-496"},{"issue":"11","key":"e_1_3_3_8_1","first-page":"1822","article-title":"Comprehensive analysis of risk factors for bronchopulmonary dysplasia in preterm infants in Taiwan: A four-year study","volume":"10","author":"Huang LY","year":"2023","unstructured":"Huang LY, Lin TI, Lin CH, et al. (2023) Comprehensive analysis of risk factors for bronchopulmonary dysplasia in preterm infants in Taiwan: A four-year study. Children (Basel) 10(11): 1822.","journal-title":"Children (Basel)"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2017.10.014"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-2600(24)00073-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12931-024-02850-x"},{"issue":"6","key":"e_1_3_3_12_1","first-page":"4315","article-title":"Bronchopulmonary dysplasia: Pathogenesis and treatment","volume":"16","author":"Pasha AB","year":"2018","unstructured":"Pasha AB, Chen XQ, Zhou GP (2018) Bronchopulmonary dysplasia: Pathogenesis and treatment. 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