{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,4]],"date-time":"2026-09-04T11:15:17Z","timestamp":1788520517558,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,17]],"date-time":"2025-11-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1763337600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005669","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o de Apoio \u00e0 Pesquisa do Estado da Para\u00edba","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["grant# 41903.612.28794.22092020, Edital n\u00ba005\/202"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["grant# 41903.612.28794.22092020, Edital n\u00ba005\/202"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005669","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Nutr Health"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Background:<\/jats:bold>\n                    Excessive consumption of ultra-processed foods (UPFs) has been associated with adverse health outcomes, including increased levels of inflammatory biomarkers such as C-reactive protein (C-RP), IL-6, and TNF-\u03b1.\n                    <jats:bold>Aims:<\/jats:bold>\n                    To investigate whether the introduction of UPFs before the age of 2 years is associated with inflammatory markers in school-aged children (7\u201310 years).\n                    <jats:bold>Methods:<\/jats:bold>\n                    This cross-sectional study included interviews with children and their mothers conducted by a trained team. Anthropometric and biochemical data (C-RP), IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, IL-17a, IFN-\u03b3, and TNF-\u03b1) were collected from children. Maternal reports provided information on family income, schooling, breastfeeding (exclusive up to 6 months), timing of food introduction, early exposure to UPFs (before 2 years), and birth weight. Statistical analyses included PERMANOVA and generalized estimating equations, adjusted for family income, BMI-for-age, and exclusive breastfeeding.\n                    <jats:bold>Summary:<\/jats:bold>\n                    The prevalence of early UPF introduction was higher among girls compared to boys (54.7% vs. 45.3%,\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u20090.001). Children exposed to UPFs before 2 years of age had higher IL-10 levels (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.002), but this association was not sustained after adjustments. Early UPF consumption (before 2 years of age) was not associated with alterations in inflammatory cytokines in children aged 7\u201310 years. Nevertheless, considering the established links between UPF intake, metabolic disorders, and neurodevelopmental outcomes, continuous monitoring and dietary guidance during childhood remain essential to promote lifelong health.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/02601060251397284","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,17]],"date-time":"2025-11-17T18:24:02Z","timestamp":1763403842000},"page":"1793-1799","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Early introduction of ultra-processed foods and their repercussions on inflammatory biomarkers in children"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"32","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-4586-194X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cec\u00edlia Furtado","family":"Craveiro","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Federal University of Para\u00edba"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3128-7959","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mariana Souza","family":"Lopes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Federal University of Para\u00edba"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bruna Farias","family":"da Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Federal University of Para\u00edba"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fernando Paiva","family":"Brandini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Federal University of Para\u00edba"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Erika Mayra","family":"de Almeida Barreto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Federal University of Para\u00edba"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pietra Maria","family":"Pereira de Lima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Federal University of Para\u00edba"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ric\u00e1cia","family":"de Sousa Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Federal University of Para\u00edba"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S\u00e1vio Marcelino","family":"Gomes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Federal University of Para\u00edba"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vinicius Jos\u00e9","family":"Baccin Martins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Federal University of Paraiba"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4696-3809","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jos\u00e9 Luiz","family":"de Brito Alves","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Federal University of Para\u00edba"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S1368980021000252"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Obesity: Preventing and managing the global epidemic. 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Bras\u00edlia: Secretaria de Aten\u00e7\u00e3o Prim\u00e1ria \u00e0 Sa\u00fade, Departamento de Aten\u00e7\u00e3o B\u00e1sica, Minist\u00e9rio da Sa\u00fade, 2021.","edition":"1"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu13020356"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.nutr.012809.104751"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jhn.13012"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/0102-311x00119421"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.numecd.2018.11.003"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jped.2023.07.003"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_14_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Assessment of biochemical, inflammatory biomarkers and ultra-processed food consumption in children with small intestinal bacterial overgrowth: A cross-sectional study","volume":"16","author":"Costa PCT","unstructured":"Costa PCT, Duarte DB, Viana das Neves TAF, et al. 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