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Sesame (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Sesamum indicum<\/jats:italic>\n                      L.), rich in lignans and antioxidants, may help reduce these effects and support immune function.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This systematic review examines the synergistic effects of sesame supplementation and aerobic exercise on oxidative stress, muscle damage, immune response, and inflammatory markers in athletes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Following PRISMA guidelines, a systematic search of PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, CENTRAL, and EMBASE was conducted up to September 2024. Eligible randomized controlled trials included semiprofessional athletes receiving sesame supplementation (oil, extract, capsule, or whole seed) for \u22654 weeks, with placebo or no-supplement comparators under identical training protocols. Primary outcomes assessed oxidative stress biomarkers, muscle damage markers, inflammatory cytokines, and immune response parameters.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A total of 290 studies were initially identified, with four randomized controlled trials meeting the inclusion criteria after screening. These trials, spanning 4\u201310 weeks with a total of 140 participants, revealed that sesame supplementation significantly enhanced antioxidant defenses, as indicated by increased levels of glutathione peroxidase (GPx), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and vitamins A, C, and E, while reducing oxidative stress markers such as malondialdehyde (MDA). Additionally, the combination of aerobic exercise and sesame improved anti-inflammatory markers, including a reduction in interleukin-6 (IL-6) and interleukin-1\u03b2 (IL-1\u03b2), though cytokine modulation appeared to be primarily attributable to exercise alone.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>These findings highlight the potential of sesame supplementation as a natural adjunct to exercise regimens in mitigating oxidative and inflammatory stress, with implications for enhancing athletic performance and recovery.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/02601060251408432","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,4]],"date-time":"2026-02-04T18:01:45Z","timestamp":1770228105000},"page":"831-843","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["The emerging role of sesame supplementation with aerobic exercise in athlete recovery and immunomodulation: A systematic review of human trials"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"32","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7343-027X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ali","family":"Jafari","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences"},{"name":"Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN)"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7026-9019","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohammad Mehdi","family":"Khaleghi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz"},{"name":"Persian Gulf University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bahare Parsi","family":"Nezhad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Golestan University of Medical Sciences"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maryam","family":"Jafari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Guilan University of Medical Sciences"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sadaf","family":"Salehi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Iran University of Medical Sciences"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_1","first-page":"77","article-title":"The effects of aerobic exercises on the serum oxidized LDL and total antioxidant capacity in non-active men","volume":"3","author":"Afzalpour ME","year":"2008","unstructured":"Afzalpour ME, Gharakhanlou R, Gaeini AA, et al. 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