{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T17:30:00Z","timestamp":1777915800193,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":16,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,16]],"date-time":"2026-01-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1768521600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Nutr Health"],"abstract":"\n Background<\/jats:title>\n Acne vulgaris has a multifactorial pathogenesis; emerging evidence implicates micronutrients like calcium. This case-control study examined associations between serum calcium and acne, without assessing causality or ionized calcium.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Objectives<\/jats:title>\n Compare serum calcium in acne patients vs. controls; correlate with severity and subtypes; adjust for dietary intake and hormones.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods<\/jats:title>\n \n 50 acne patients and 50 age-\/sex-matched controls. Acne is graded by Global Acne Grading System (GAGS). Measured serum calcium, albumin, vitamin D, and parathyroid hormone (PTH). Dietary calcium via validated food frequency questionnaire (FFQ; dairy vs. plant sources). Analyses:\n t<\/jats:italic>\n -tests, ANOVA, correlations, multivariate regression (adjusted for body mass index, smoking, and hormones).\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n \n Acne patients had higher serum calcium (9.8\u2009\u00b1\u20090.6\u2005mg\/dL) than controls (9.2\u2009\u00b1\u20090.5\u2005mg\/dL;\n p\u2009<\u2009.<\/jats:italic>\n 001). Calcium correlated with severity (\n r\u2009=\u2009.<\/jats:italic>\n 42,\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u2009.003); severe cases: 10.2\u2009\u00b1\u20090.7\u2005mg\/dL. Inflammatory subtypes showed higher levels (10.0\u2009\u00b1\u20090.6\u2005mg\/dL) versus non-inflammatory (9.5\u2009\u00b1\u20090.5\u2005mg\/dL;\n p\u2009=\u2009.<\/jats:italic>\n 002). Adjusted OR for acne presence: 2.1 (95% CI: 1.4\u20133.2); severity \u03b2\u2009=\u20090.38 (\n p\u2009=\u2009.<\/jats:italic>\n 004).\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n Elevated serum calcium associates with acne vulgaris, especially severe\/inflammatory forms, suggesting a role in pathogenesis via metabolic alterations. Causality unestablished; calcium-modulating therapies warrant investigation.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/02601060251411825","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,16]],"date-time":"2026-01-16T17:58:54Z","timestamp":1768586334000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Calcium and acne: Unravelling the link between serum levels and disease severity"],"prefix":"10.1177","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1054-1738","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sharang","family":"Gupta","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Civil Hospital, Nabha, Punjab, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dimple","family":"Chopra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Government Medical College"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,16]]},"reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_3_2_2_1","first-page":"67","article-title":"Serum calcium levels in patients with acne vulgaris: A case-control study","volume":"38","author":"Abdel Fattah NS","year":"2018","unstructured":"Abdel Fattah NS, Shaheen MA, Ebrahim HM (2018) Serum calcium levels in patients with acne vulgaris: A case-control study. Egyptian Journal of Dermatology and Venerology 38(2): 67\u201372.","journal-title":"Egyptian Journal of Dermatology and Venerology"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00403-025-04299-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/0378-6323.51258"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/jid.2013.334"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jdv.13190"},{"issue":"6","key":"e_1_3_2_7_1","first-page":"42","article-title":"Evaluation of serum zinc, calcium, and magnesium levels in acne vulgaris","volume":"12","author":"El-Dawla RE","year":"2019","unstructured":"El-Dawla RE, Abdelhafez AM, Mohamed SM, et al. (2019) Evaluation of serum zinc, calcium, and magnesium levels in acne vulgaris. The Journal of Clinical and Aesthetic Dermatology 12(6): 42\u201345.","journal-title":"The Journal of Clinical and Aesthetic Dermatology"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_3_2_8_1","first-page":"261","article-title":"Re-appraisal of the role of calcium in epidermal differentiation","volume":"25","author":"Elias PM","year":"2016","unstructured":"Elias PM, Williams ML (2016) Re-appraisal of the role of calcium in epidermal differentiation. Experimental Dermatology 25(4): 261\u2013262.","journal-title":"Experimental Dermatology"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jcb.10338"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_3_2_10_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Inflammatory cytokine expression in acne vulgaris: A review","volume":"32","author":"Kang S","year":"2020","unstructured":"Kang S, Kim JB, Ahn CH (2020) Inflammatory cytokine expression in acne vulgaris: A review. Annals of Dermatology 32(1): 1\u20138.","journal-title":"Annals of Dermatology"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_1","first-page":"928057","article-title":"No correlation between serum calcium levels and acne severity","volume":"2015","author":"Mogaddam MR","year":"2015","unstructured":"Mogaddam MR, Ardabili NS, Maleki N, et al. (2015) No correlation between serum calcium levels and acne severity. Dermatology Research and Practice 2015: Article 928057.","journal-title":"Dermatology Research and Practice"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdermsci.2007.11.005"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/bjd.13462"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000485132"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4161\/derm.29799"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2015.12.037"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2340\/00015555-2525"}],"container-title":["Nutrition and Health"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/02601060251411825","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/02601060251411825","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/02601060251411825","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T17:30:01Z","timestamp":1777656601000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/02601060251411825"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,16]]},"references-count":16,"alternative-id":["10.1177\/02601060251411825"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/02601060251411825","relation":{},"ISSN":["0260-1060","2047-945X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0260-1060","type":"print"},{"value":"2047-945X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,16]]},"article-number":"02601060251411825"}}