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Fertility status was defined based on self-reported attempts to conceive for \u226512 months. Dietary data collected by two 24-h dietary recalls was used to classify UPFs according to the Nova classification and UPF intake was defined as % grams per day. MD adherence was assessed using a modified 8-point score. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to examine associations, adjusting for sociodemographic and health covariates, including obesity.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The mean UPF intake was 27.15% of daily intake (g\/day) and the mean MD score was 3.35 out of 8. Women reporting infertility had significantly higher UPF intake and lower MD scores compared to fertile women. Higher UPF intake was significantly associated with lower odds of fertility in the fully adjusted model (OR\u2009=\u20090.32; 95% CI: 0.14, 0.75). MD adherence was initially associated with higher odds of fertility (OR\u2009=\u20091.16; 95% CI: 1.00, 1.33), though this association was no longer significant when adjusted for obesity. These findings underscore the need for dietary guidance targeting women of reproductive age.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/02601060261433154","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,19]],"date-time":"2026-03-19T13:35:31Z","timestamp":1773927331000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Ultra-processed food intake and Mediterranean diet adherence in relation to fertility status in U.S. women: Findings from NHANES 2013\u20132018"],"prefix":"10.1177","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-4926-5796","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Angelina","family":"Baric","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"McMaster University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lauryn","family":"Flannagan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"McMaster University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Euridice","family":"Martinez-Steele","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of S\u00e3o Paulo"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Annika","family":"Bauer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"McMaster University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anthea","family":"Christoforou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"McMaster University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,19]]},"reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_3_4_2_1","first-page":"411","article-title":"An update on ovarian aging and ovarian reserve tests","volume":"9","author":"Amanvermez R","year":"2016","unstructured":"Amanvermez R, Tosun M (2016) An update on ovarian aging and ovarian reserve tests. 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