{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]],"date-time":"2026-09-15T21:09:20Z","timestamp":1789506560693,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,21]],"date-time":"2026-04-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1776729600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Nutr Health"],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Retractions aim to remove flawed science, yet delayed withdrawals allow erroneous nutrition research to influence reviews, guidelines, and textbooks. This bibliometric study examined causes, geographic patterns, and post-retraction impact of nutrition articles withdrawn between 2000 and 2025.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>PubMed\/MEDLINE and PubMed Central were searched (30 April 2025) for records indexed as \u2018Retracted Publication\u2019 using human-nutrition MeSH terms. Inclusion required a human-nutrition focus and formal retraction notice. Scopus provided citation counts, document types, and author affiliations. Notices were coded into eight exclusive categories (\u03ba\u202f=\u202f0.86). Time-to-retraction (TTR) was the interval, in years, between publication and withdrawal. Descriptive analyses used JAMOVI.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Forty-five retracted articles were identified. Leading causes were methodological\/statistical errors (18.9%), lack of ethics approval (15.1%), and data-integrity breaches (11.3%). Mean TTR was 5.7\u202f\u00b1\u202f4.8 years (median\u202f=\u202f4.2). China and the U.S. contributed most to absolute numbers (28\u202f% and 14\u202f%), while Greece and Nigeria had the highest retraction densities. The corpus accrued 1155 citations, 53\u202f% post-retraction; 62\u202f% of those appeared in reviews or meta-analyses. Citation half-life post-withdrawal was 3.3 years, and fewer than 10\u202f% included explicit warnings.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Delayed retractions enable flawed findings to distort pooled estimates in secondary research. Persistent citations expose gaps in alert systems. Most retractions stem from methodological or ethical flaws, yet their influence lingers. To safeguard scientific integrity, retraction notices must be standardised and machine-readable, peer review must include automated checks, and graduate education should incorporate training in citation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/02601060261441168","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,21]],"date-time":"2026-04-21T14:30:08Z","timestamp":1776781808000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["When nutrition science fails: A bibliometric analysis of retracted diet-related articles (2000\u20132025)"],"prefix":"10.1177","author":[{"given":"Mar\u00eda Ar\u00e1nzazu","family":"S\u00e1nchez-Calabuig","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University Camilo Jos\u00e9 Cela"},{"name":"Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n Sanitaria HM Hospitales, Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cristina","family":"Mart\u00ednez-Rold\u00e1n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University Camilo Jos\u00e9 Cela"},{"name":"Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n Sanitaria HM Hospitales, Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7315-2713","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sergio","family":"Izcara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University Camilo Jos\u00e9 Cela"},{"name":"Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n Sanitaria HM Hospitales, Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Blanca","family":"Pedauy\u00e9-Rueda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University Camilo Jos\u00e9 Cela"},{"name":"Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n Sanitaria HM Hospitales, Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mar\u00eda del Carmen","family":"Lozano-Estevan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmacy, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Juan Pablo","family":"Herv\u00e1s-P\u00e9rez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University Camilo Jos\u00e9 Cela"},{"name":"Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n Sanitaria HM Hospitales, Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5183-5679","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Iv\u00e1n","family":"Herrera-Peco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University Camilo Jos\u00e9 Cela"},{"name":"Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n Sanitaria HM Hospitales, Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Universidad Alfonso X el Sabio"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/02601060221094126"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_1","first-page":"86","article-title":"Introducing the NISO communication of retractions, removals and expressions of concern (CREC) guidelines","volume":"47","author":"Bakker C","year":"2024","unstructured":"Bakker C (2024) Introducing the NISO communication of retractions, removals and expressions of concern (CREC) guidelines. Science Editor 47: 86\u201388.","journal-title":"Science Editor"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.revmed.2020.02.004"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/bph.16480"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1747-0080.12867"},{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_3_2_7_1","first-page":"411","article-title":"Retractaci\u00f3n de publicaciones: Estudio de los art\u00edculos de retractaci\u00f3n de revistas biom\u00e9dicas basado en el factor de impacto y la categor\u00eda de la revista","volume":"34","author":"Campos-Varela I","year":"2020","unstructured":"Campos-Varela I, Villaverde-Casta\u00f1eda R, Ruano-Ravi\u00f1a A (2020) Retractaci\u00f3n de publicaciones: Estudio de los art\u00edculos de retractaci\u00f3n de revistas biom\u00e9dicas basado en el factor de impacto y la categor\u00eda de la revista. Gaceta Sanitaria 34(5): 411\u2013417.","journal-title":"Gaceta Sanitaria"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_1","unstructured":"Committee on Publication Ethics (2021) Guidelines for retraction. https:\/\/publicationethics.org."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/ALN.0000000000004302"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajcnut.2024.02.034"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/publications13010004"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s41073-020-00098-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/eurpub\/ckae144.678"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_3_2_14_1","first-page":"98","article-title":"Scientific misconduct and retractions in biomedical research: A systematic review","volume":"49","author":"Hwang J","year":"2023","unstructured":"Hwang J, Kim Y, Lee M, et al. (2023) Scientific misconduct and retractions in biomedical research: A systematic review. 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The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery\u2014American Volume 99(9): e44.","journal-title":"The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery\u2014American Volume"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jcag\/gwz006.179"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/leap.1667"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Withdrawal The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism Volume 100 Issue 5 1 May 2015 Page 2138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1210\/jc.2015-1965.","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2015-1965"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/08989621.2021.1952870"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-nutr-082018-124610"}],"container-title":["Nutrition and Health"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/02601060261441168","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/02601060261441168","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/02601060261441168","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T17:30:23Z","timestamp":1777656623000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/02601060261441168"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,21]]},"references-count":23,"alternative-id":["10.1177\/02601060261441168"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/02601060261441168","relation":{},"ISSN":["0260-1060","2047-945X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0260-1060","type":"print"},{"value":"2047-945X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,21]]},"article-number":"02601060261441168"}}