{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,23]],"date-time":"2026-05-23T13:05:12Z","timestamp":1779541512839,"version":"3.53.1"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,21]],"date-time":"2026-05-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1779321600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Nutr Health"],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Male infertility is a significant global health concern, with sperm motility, morphology, and capacitation being critical determinants of reproductive success.\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Phoenix dactylifera<\/jats:italic>\n                      pollen has been used in traditional medicine to support male fertility, but its molecular mechanisms remain poorly defined.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      This study aimed to elucidate the molecular interactions between dominant phytochemicals from date palm pollen and key sperm-associated proteins through a comprehensive\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">in silico<\/jats:italic>\n                      approach.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Four major phytochemicals\u2014catechin, gallic acid, quercetin, and rutin\u2014were selected based on concentration (&gt;2%) and reported pharmacological relevance. Fifteen sperm-associated proteins implicated in motility, morphology, and capacitation were modeled using GalaxyTBM, Phyre2, and SWISS-MODEL, followed by structural refinement (GalaxyRefine) and validation (ERRAT, PROCHECK, Verify3D, WHAT_CHECK). Molecular docking was performed with CB-Dock2, while protein flexibility and stability were assessed by Normal Mode Analysis and Atomic Displacement Parameter analysis. Pharmacokinetic and toxicity profiles were predicted using ADMETlab 2.0.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Catechin, quercetin, and gallic acid satisfied Lipinski's Rule of Five, indicating good oral bioavailability, while rutin demonstrated strong binding affinity but failed drug-likeness criteria. Rutin and quercetin exhibited the highest binding affinities with Catsper1 (\u22129.2\u2005kcal\/mol) and Catsper2 (\u22128.5\u2005kcal\/mol), respectively. These findings provide mechanistic evidence supporting the traditional use of date palm pollen in enhancing male fertility and highlight its potential as a phytotherapeutic candidate. However, this study is limited to computational approaches, and further validation through\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n                      and\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">in vivo<\/jats:italic>\n                      studies is required to confirm the biological relevance of these findings.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/02601060261454177","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,21]],"date-time":"2026-05-21T12:46:24Z","timestamp":1779367584000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["<i>In silico<\/i>\n                    profiling of date palm pollen phytochemicals: Molecular interactions with sperm-associated proteins and implications for male fertility"],"prefix":"10.1177","author":[{"given":"Mohammad","family":"Esmaili","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, Zarg. C., Islamic Azad University, Zarghan, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bahia","family":"Namavar Jahromi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shiraz University of Medical Sciences"},{"name":"Shiraz University of Medical Sciences"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Claudia","family":"Cava","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Science, Technology and Society, University School for Advanced Studies IUSS Pavia, Palazzo del Broletto, Pavia, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4215-9680","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Soudabeh","family":"Sabetian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shiraz University of Medical Sciences"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s44371-025-00201-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_1","unstructured":"Al-Azzawi MA (2024) Date Palm Pollen (Phoenix dactylifera L.) Supplementations: impact on the Fertility and Anti-cancer Properties."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-025-93120-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/JPBS.JPBS_168_18"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_1","article-title":"KIFC1 inhibition: Exploring the potential of propolis-derived small molecules for targeting cancer progression through in silico analysis","volume":"20","author":"Azmi MB","year":"2025","unstructured":"Azmi MB, Kumari S, Aquil S, et al. (2025) KIFC1 inhibition: Exploring the potential of propolis-derived small molecules for targeting cancer progression through in silico analysis. PLoS One 20: e0324678.","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_1","first-page":"1","volume-title":"Homology molecular modeling-perspectives and applications","author":"Bauer JA","year":"2020","unstructured":"Bauer JA, Bauerov\u00e1-Hlinkov\u00e1 V (2020) Normal mode analysis: A tool for better understanding protein flexibility and dynamics with application to homology models. In: Homology molecular modeling-perspectives and applications. Rijeka, Croatia: IntechOpen, 1\u201318."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.afres.2025.101410"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_1","unstructured":"Control-Check-v3.2 (2018) Available online:https:\/\/qc-check.usc.edu\/QC\/qc_check.plQuality(access on 20 January 2025)."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/AGINGADV.AGINGADV-D-25-00009"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0222789"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_12_1","first-page":"32","article-title":"Antioxidant role of date palm pollen in infertile men and its correlation with sperm parameters and expression of sex genes: A controlled clinical trial","volume":"28","author":"Fallahi S","year":"2024","unstructured":"Fallahi S, Rajaei M, Koolivand M, et al. (2024) Antioxidant role of date palm pollen in infertile men and its correlation with sperm parameters and expression of sex genes: A controlled clinical trial. Iranian Biomedical Journal 28: 32.","journal-title":"Iranian Biomedical Journal"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/hropen\/hoaf040"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jiheel M (2024) pdf The role of date palm pollen grains extract in fertility improving. Dijlah Journal of Medical Sciences P-ISSN: 3078-3178 E-ISSN: 3078-8625 1.","DOI":"10.65204\/DJMS-RDPPGE-FI"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm14113930"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/2215083810666230428100103"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nprot.2015.053"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-025-30217-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2105-13-198"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnut.2024.1453819"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkz288"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_22_1","unstructured":"Leffingwell and Associates (2002) Available online:http:\/\/www.leffingwell.com\/plants.htm (accessed 20 January 2025)."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkac394"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gku339"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2025.125754"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21608\/mjvm.2024.341806"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_27_1","unstructured":"Molecule-file-format-conversion (2019) Available online:https:\/\/habanero.health.unm.edu\/tomcat\/biocomp\/convert (accessed 20 January 2025)."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_28_1","unstructured":"PhytoHub (2017) Available online:www.phytohub.eu (accessed 20 January 2025)."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsomega.2c02227"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2020.585428"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chphi.2023.100441"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/metabo14030166"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_33_1","unstructured":"Savesv6.0 (2023) Available online:https:\/\/saves.mbi.ucla.edu\/ (accessed 20 January 2025)."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/01480545.2025.2455442"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms26062797"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.47852\/bonviewMEDIN42023842"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gky427"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkab255"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7717\/peerj.18429"}],"container-title":["Nutrition and Health"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/02601060261454177","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/02601060261454177","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/02601060261454177","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,23]],"date-time":"2026-05-23T12:16:31Z","timestamp":1779538591000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/02601060261454177"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,21]]},"references-count":38,"alternative-id":["10.1177\/02601060261454177"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/02601060261454177","relation":{},"ISSN":["0260-1060","2047-945X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0260-1060","type":"print"},{"value":"2047-945X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,21]]},"article-number":"02601060261454177"}}