{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,4]],"date-time":"2026-07-04T18:17:27Z","timestamp":1783189047521,"version":"3.54.6"},"reference-count":14,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,2]],"date-time":"2026-07-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782950400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"name":"Ministry of the Environment, Japan"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Nutr Health"],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>There is limited evidence regarding the association between dietary restrictions and iron deficiency anemia in children.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study aimed to evaluate the association of iron deficiency anemia with avoidance of specific foods without medical advice due to concerns about the onset of food allergies in young children.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A longitudinal study (N\u2009=\u200960,751) was conducted using the data from the Japan Environment and Children's Study. Information regarding dietary restriction and diagnosis of iron deficiency anemia was assessed using a self-administered questionnaire completed by the caregivers. Logistic regression analysis was conducted to evaluate the likelihood of developing iron deficiency anemia up to 3 years of age following age 2 among children under avoidance of specific food without a medical advice.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Children with the dietary restriction were more likely to be diagnosed with iron deficiency anemia for 3 years or less after age 2 (dietary restriction at 2 years of age: OR 1.74, 95% CI 1.04\u20132.91,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.034; at 1.5 years of age: OR 1.88, 95% CI 1.17\u20132.99,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.008; 1.5, 2, and 3 years of age: OR 2.18, 95% CI 1.32\u20133.59,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.002).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Avoidance of specific foods without medical advice due to concerns about food allergies in young children may be associated with an increased risk of iron deficiency anemia.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/02601060261461106","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,3]],"date-time":"2026-07-03T04:24:44Z","timestamp":1783052684000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Caregiver-initiated food avoidance and risk of iron deficiency anemia in early childhood: Evidence from the Japan environment and children's study"],"prefix":"10.1177","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8127-5414","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rie","family":"Tanaka","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Occupational and Environmental Health"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mayumi","family":"Tsuji","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Occupational and Environmental Health"},{"name":"Regional Center for Japan Environment and Children's Study"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kazue","family":"Ishitsuka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Occupational and Environmental Health"},{"name":"National Center for Child Health and Development"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Toshihide","family":"Sakuragi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Occupational and Environmental Health"},{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kyoko","family":"Kitagawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Occupational and Environmental Health"},{"name":"Division of Ultrastructural Cell Biology, Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mami","family":"Kuwamura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Occupational and Environmental Health"},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Reiko","family":"Suga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Regional Center for Japan Environment and Children's Study"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shunsuke","family":"Araki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Takashi","family":"Maruyama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hisashi","family":"Eguchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Industrial Ecological Sciences, University of Occupational and Environmental Health"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eiji","family":"Shibata","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka, 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University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Koichi","family":"Kusuhara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Regional Center for Japan Environment and Children's Study"},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"name":"the Japan Environment and Children's Study (JECS) Group","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/137.2.524S"},{"issue":"10","key":"e_1_3_3_3_1","article-title":"Scientific opinion on dietary reference values for iron","volume":"13","author":"Bresson JL","year":"2015","unstructured":"Bresson JL, Burlingame B, Dean T, et al. 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