{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,28]],"date-time":"2026-08-28T18:16:13Z","timestamp":1787940973135,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,25]],"date-time":"2026-08-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787616000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Nutr Health"],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Diabetes mellitus is a global metabolic disorder characterised by hyperglycaemia, dyslipidaemia, oxidative stress and hepatic dysfunction. Functional foods such as millets are increasingly recognised for their therapeutic potential in managing metabolic diseases.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study aimed to investigate the antidiabetic, antihyperlipidaemic, hepatoprotective and antioxidant effects of flatbreads enriched with graded levels of kodo millet (KM, 25\u2013100%) in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Male Wistar rats with STZ-induced diabetes were fed KM-based flatbreads containing varying proportions (25\u2013100%) for 28 days. Biochemical markers, including fasting blood glucose (FBG), serum insulin (SI), HbA1c, liver function enzymes (alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP)), lipid profile (total cholesterol, triglyceride, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C)), oxidative stress (lipid peroxidation) and antioxidant parameters (reduced glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD), CAT), were evaluated. Additionally,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n                      inhibitory activities against \u03b1-amylase and \u03b1-glucosidase were assessed.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The 75% KM formulation (KM75) produced the most notable therapeutic benefits. KM75 significantly reduced FBG (43.08%) and HbA1c (52.33%) levels (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001) and increased SI levels (50.4%) (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001). Liver enzyme activity decreased markedly (ALT:41.99%, AST:42.63%, ALP:36.95%), confirming hepatoprotection. Lipid metabolism improved, with a decline in total cholesterol (30.54%), triglycerides (43.33%), LDL-C (49.55%) and a remarkable increase in HDL-C (123.36%) (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001). Antioxidant defence markers (GSH, SOD, CAT) increased by \u223c25%, while lipid peroxidation was reduced by 34.01%. Both KM75 and KM100 showed strong \u03b1-amylase and \u03b1-glucosidase inhibitory activities, although no further benefits were observed at 100% inclusion, suggesting an optimal therapeutic level at 75%. These findings highlighted 75% KM supplementation as a promising dietary intervention for diabetes management and its associated complications.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/02601060261479409","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,25]],"date-time":"2026-08-25T15:54:13Z","timestamp":1787673253000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Antidiabetic and antihyperlipidemic effects of kodo millet-supplemented Flatbreads in streptozotocin induced diabetic Wistar rats"],"prefix":"10.1177","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-1051-3841","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tariq","family":"Khan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Aligarh Muslim University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-2414-1404","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Muzamil Liakat","family":"Mir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Aligarh Muslim University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7856-0487","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"ZR Azaz Ahmad","family":"Azad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Aligarh Muslim University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9845-3758","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"GG Hammad A","family":"Shadab","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Aligarh Muslim University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6966-8445","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nazia","family":"Tabassum","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Aligarh Muslim University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_1","article-title":"Evaluation of oxidative stress in biological samples using the thiobarbituric acid reactive substances assay","volume":"159","author":"Aguilar Diaz De Leon J","year":"2020","unstructured":"Aguilar Diaz De Leon J, Borges CR (2020) Evaluation of oxidative stress in biological samples using the thiobarbituric acid reactive substances assay. Journal of Visualized Experiments 159: e61122.","journal-title":"Journal of Visualized Experiments"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/fsn3.2942"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu14091791"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_1","volume-title":"Approved Methods of the American Association of Cereal Chemists","author":"American Association of Cereal Chemists","year":"2000","unstructured":"American Association of Cereal Chemists (2000) Approved Methods of the American Association of Cereal Chemists. 10th ed. AACC International."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnut.2021.700778"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu16234074"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsps.2015.03.013"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10068-024-01707-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s44187-024-00199-0"},{"issue":"22","key":"e_1_3_3_11_1","first-page":"3684","article-title":"Physiochemical, bio, thermal, and non-thermal processing of major and minor millets: A comprehensive review on antinutritional and antioxidant properties","volume":"13","author":"Balyatanda SB","year":"2024","unstructured":"Balyatanda SB, Gowda NN, Subbiah J, et al. (2024) Physiochemical, bio, thermal, and non-thermal processing of major and minor millets: A comprehensive review on antinutritional and antioxidant properties. Foods (Basel, Switzerland) 13(22): 3684.","journal-title":"Foods (Basel, Switzerland)"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpendo.90207.2008"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ijfs.16597"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox13010057"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fochx.2025.102851"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbc.2025.109333"},{"issue":"23","key":"e_1_3_3_17_1","first-page":"3934","article-title":"The effects of soluble dietary fibers on glycemic response: An overview and futures perspectives","volume":"11","author":"Giuntini EB","year":"2022","unstructured":"Giuntini EB, Sard\u00e1 FAH, de Menezes EW (2022) The effects of soluble dietary fibers on glycemic response: An overview and futures perspectives. Foods (Basel, Switzerland) 11(23): 3934.","journal-title":"Foods (Basel, Switzerland)"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_18_1","volume-title":"Type 2 Diabetes","author":"Goyal R","year":"2023","unstructured":"Goyal R, Singhal M, Jialal I (2023) Type 2 Diabetes. StatPearls Publishing. Available at: https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/books\/NBK513253\/ (accessed 27 June 2026)."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s42269-024-01189-z"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.afres.2021.100022"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnut.2024.1346869"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2009.10.038"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sajb.2024.05.012"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fchem.2023.1268949"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/D0FO01643H"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2010.08.020"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jff.2019.05.030"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/livers3040039"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10068-022-01162-4"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_3_3_30_1","first-page":"499","article-title":"Modern processing of Indian millets: A perspective on changes in nutritional properties","volume":"11","author":"Nanje Gowda NA","year":"2022","unstructured":"Nanje Gowda NA, Siliveru K, Vara Prasad PV, et al. (2022) Modern processing of Indian millets: A perspective on changes in nutritional properties. Foods (Basel, Switzerland) 11(4): 499.","journal-title":"Foods (Basel, Switzerland)"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jfbc.14309"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu18010052"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2024\/3625267"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_3_3_34_1","first-page":"230","article-title":"Antidiabetic and antidyslipidemic activities of hexane\/ethyl acetate\/methanol fractions of Paspalum scrobiculatum Linn. Grains in high-fat diet and streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats","volume":"12","author":"Reddy GJ","year":"2020","unstructured":"Reddy GJ, Reddy KB, Reddy GV (2020) Antidiabetic and antidyslipidemic activities of hexane\/ethyl acetate\/methanol fractions of Paspalum scrobiculatum Linn. Grains in high-fat diet and streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Pharmacognosy Research 12(3): 230.","journal-title":"Pharmacognosy Research"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrcardio.2017.31"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu13061837"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s44187-024-00266-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/fcp.12892"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2009.01.042"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foohum.2024.100249"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jsfa.11228"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2022.132636"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10408398.2024.2374055"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/foods9091301"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/kleuhsj.kleuhsj_243_24"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12937-024-00952-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox14010113"}],"container-title":["Nutrition and Health"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/02601060261479409","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/02601060261479409","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/02601060261479409","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,28]],"date-time":"2026-08-28T17:17:18Z","timestamp":1787937438000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/02601060261479409"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,25]]},"references-count":46,"alternative-id":["10.1177\/02601060261479409"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/02601060261479409","relation":{},"ISSN":["0260-1060","2047-945X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0260-1060","type":"print"},{"value":"2047-945X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,25]]},"article-number":"02601060261479409"}}