{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T17:11:00Z","timestamp":1790097060069,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,19]],"date-time":"2026-09-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1789776000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"name":"Department of Science and Technology (DST) India"},{"name":"Merino Industries, Nagpur"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Nutr Health"],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is often associated with selective eating, nutritional deficiencies, and gastrointestinal (GI) disturbances. Gluten-free, casein-free (GFCF) diets are popular but inconsistently supported by evidence. Millets, naturally gluten and casein-free, are nutrient-dense traditional grains that may offer a culturally relevant alternative.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To assess the feasibility, acceptability, adherence, and nutritional impact of a millet-based GFCF dietary intervention in children with ASD.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A 12-week single-arm pilot study enrolled children aged 4 to 6 years with confirmed ASD. A millet flour blend (foxtail, little, pearl millet) was developed into three recipes: Foxtail Millet Upma, Little Millet Biscuits, and Pearl Millet Nachos. Pre and postintervention dietary intake was measured using 3-day recalls. Sensory acceptability was rated on a nine-point hedonic scale; adherence was tracked through caregiver logs; and structured interviews explored feasibility.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>All millet-based recipes were well accepted, with Foxtail Millet Upma receiving the highest acceptability scores. Significant improvements were observed in cereal and pulse intake, along with a reduction in fat consumption. Caregivers reported improvements in GI comfort (70%), sleep quality (60%), and reductions in hyperactivity (55%). Adherence to the dietary intervention was high (80%), although challenges related to ingredient availability and preparation time were reported. Millet-based GFCF diets are feasible, acceptable, and nutritionally balanced at the food-group level in children with ASD. Findings highlight their potential as culturally appropriate dietary interventions, warranting larger controlled studies to evaluate long-term outcomes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/02601060261489302","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,19]],"date-time":"2026-09-19T11:46:52Z","timestamp":1789818412000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Feasibility of millet-based gluten free and casein free diet in children with autism spectrum disorders: A 12-week pilot study in India"],"prefix":"10.1177","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6822-8317","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Urmila","family":"Dahake","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"All India Institute of Medical Sciences"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4409-278X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shweta","family":"Deotale","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Visvesvaraya National Institute of Technology"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1436-8987","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sachin","family":"Mandavgane","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Visvesvaraya National Institute of Technology"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shakti","family":"Sharma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Sadabai Raisoni Women's College, Nagpur, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2035-1193","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Akash","family":"Bang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"All India Institute of Medical Sciences"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ranjan","family":"Solanki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"All India Institute of Medical Sciences"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9051-1482","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anupama","family":"Kumar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Visvesvaraya National Institute of Technology"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12887-022-03628-0"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_3_3_3_1","first-page":"228","article-title":"Dietary interventions for autism spectrum disorder: An updated systematic review of human studies","volume":"33","author":"Amadi CN","year":"2022","unstructured":"Amadi CN, Orish CN, Frazzoli C, et al. (2022) Dietary interventions for autism spectrum disorder: An updated systematic review of human studies. Psychiatrike = Psychiatriki 33(3): 228\u2013242.","journal-title":"Psychiatrike = Psychiatriki"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_1","first-page":"112","volume-title":"Nutritional and Health Benefits of Millets","author":"Dayakar B","year":"2017","unstructured":"Dayakar B, Bhaskarachary RK, Arlene GD, et al. (2017) Nutritional and Health Benefits of Millets. 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