{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T17:49:45Z","timestamp":1791568185183,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791331200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Nutr Health"],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Viral warts are a common skin infection, usually on the hands, feet, or face of children and young adults, and are caused by the human papillomavirus (HPV) due to lower immune resistance. The common types seen in Pakistan are common warts, plantar warts, and flat warts, which cause pain or cosmetic concern among patients.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To compare and evaluate the efficacy of intralesional purified protein derivative (PPD) and vitamin D3 in the management of viral non-genital cutaneous warts.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A retrospective, comparative study was conducted at Nishtar Medical University Hospital, Multan, Pakistan from January to July 2023. A total of 266 patients with 1\u201310 viral warts were divided into two groups: Group I was given intralesional PPD (0.1\u2005mL of 10 TU), and Group II was given intralesional vitamin D3 (0.5\u2005mL of 600,000 IU), each given at 2-week intervals for a maximum of four doses.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The mean age of participants was 42.84\u2009\u00b1\u200913.29 years, with a male predominance (67.3%). Complete clearance of warts was significantly higher in the PPD group (85.7%) compared to the vitamin D3 group (71.4%;\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009.005). Subgroup analysis revealed better outcomes with PPD in younger patients with multiple warts and specific anatomical locations (palmar, plantar, trunk), while vitamin D3 showed superior clearance for limb warts. Intralesional PPD demonstrated superior efficacy compared to vitamin D3 in the treatment of viral warts. Both therapies were safe and well-tolerated. This study provides direct comparative evidence of distinct immunological mechanisms, offering practical insights for the management of recalcitrant warts.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/02601060261494669","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T16:15:01Z","timestamp":1791389701000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Comparison of intradermal purified protein derivative (PPD) and vitamin D3 in the treatment of non-genital cutaneous warts"],"prefix":"10.1177","author":[{"given":"Ammarah","family":"Ghafoor","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Nishtar Medical University Hospital"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Muhammad Tayyab","family":"Awan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Multan Medical and Dental College"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5767-6229","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Abdul Ghafoor","family":"Awan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Southern Punjab"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/ITT.S446938"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pgph.0005728"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1203475415602841"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_3_3_5_1","first-page":"226","article-title":"Comparative study of therapeutic efficacy of Intralesional vitamin D3 versus intralesional purified protein derivative in the treatment of warts","volume":"4","author":"Akula ML","year":"2018","unstructured":"Akula ML, Shetty M, Shetty V, et al. (2018) Comparative study of therapeutic efficacy of Intralesional vitamin D3 versus intralesional purified protein derivative in the treatment of warts. Indian Journal of Clinical and Experimental Dermatology 4 (3): 226\u2013231.","journal-title":"Indian Journal of Clinical and Experimental Dermatology"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_3_3_6_1","first-page":"15","article-title":"Therapeutic outcome of Intralesional immunotherapy in cutaneous warts using the MMR vaccine: A randomized, placebo-controlled trial","volume":"11","author":"Awal G","year":"2018","unstructured":"Awal G, Kaur S (2018) Therapeutic outcome of Intralesional immunotherapy in cutaneous warts using the MMR vaccine: A randomized, placebo-controlled trial. Journal of Clinical and Aesthetic Dermatology 11 (1): 15\u201320. https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC5788264\/.","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical and Aesthetic Dermatology"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1529-8019.2010.01388.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jve.2026.100631"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_1","article-title":"A comparative study of the therapeutic efficacy of various Intralesional immunotherapies in Extragenital cutaneous warts","volume":"21","author":"Kabra N","year":"2026","unstructured":"Kabra N, Sinha R, Pallavi UK (2026) A comparative study of the therapeutic efficacy of various Intralesional immunotherapies in Extragenital cutaneous warts. GMS Hygiene and Infection Control 21: Doc02.","journal-title":"GMS Hygiene and Infection Control"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/0019-5154.117301"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.xjidi.2024.100264"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1203475417704180"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000312986"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0190-9622(99)70421-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/0378-6323.171650"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-4362.1980.tb00355.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.25259\/jcas_178_23"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18203\/issn.2455-4529.IntJResDermatol20180953"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/bjd.13310"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1517\/14712598.2012.676036"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_3_3_21_1","first-page":"918","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of Intralesional vitamin D for the treatment of warts: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials","volume":"86","author":"Wen J","year":"2022","unstructured":"Wen J, Li Z, Zhou Z, et al. (2022) Efficacy and safety of Intralesional vitamin D for the treatment of warts: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology 86 (4): 918\u2013920.","journal-title":"Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology"}],"container-title":["Nutrition and Health"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/02601060261494669","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/02601060261494669","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/02601060261494669","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T16:52:16Z","timestamp":1791564736000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/02601060261494669"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]]},"references-count":20,"alternative-id":["10.1177\/02601060261494669"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/02601060261494669","relation":{},"ISSN":["0260-1060","2047-945X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0260-1060","type":"print"},{"value":"2047-945X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]]},"article-number":"02601060261494669"}}