{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T08:04:37Z","timestamp":1777449877985,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2006,10,1]],"date-time":"2006-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1159660800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Altern Lab Anim"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The recent European Commission REACH (Registration, Evaluation and Authorisation of Chemicals) policy outlines a plan for toxicological testing by using alternative non-animal in vitro methods. In this context, there is a need to develop and standardise high-throughput screening (HTS) methods for studying the cytotoxicity induced by chemicals. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) can be considered as a complementary technique to alternative in vitro testing for studying cell adhesion to the substrate, and can give real-time and kinetic information on cell responses to a toxicant. This paper describes the development of a home-made chip based on impedance spectroscopy, and its application in studying the kinetics of BALB\/3T3 cell adhesion and the cellular responses to a toxic product as a function of time. Concentrations of sodium arsenite, ranging from 10\u03bcM up to 1000\u03bcM, were tested in the system, and the results were compared with those obtained with standard protocols used to study basal cytotoxicity induced by chemicals in the BALB\/3T3 cell line. The results show that the sensitivity of the developed chip was better than that with the MTT test, with the additional advantages of online monitoring.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/026119290603400508","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,10]],"date-time":"2019-04-10T00:21:17Z","timestamp":1554855677000},"page":"515-525","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Comparison of Impedance-based Sensors for Cell Adhesion Monitoring and\n                    <i>In Vitro<\/i>\n                    Methods for Detecting Cytotoxicity Induced by Chemicals"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"34","author":[{"given":"Jessica","family":"Ponti","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Biomedical Material and Systems Unit, European Commission, Joint Research Centre, Institute for Health and Consumer Protection, Ispra, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Laura","family":"Ceriotti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biomedical Material and Systems Unit, European Commission, Joint Research Centre, Institute for Health and Consumer Protection, Ispra, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Barbara","family":"Munaro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"European Centre for the Validation of Alternative Methods, European Commission, Joint Research Centre, Institute for Health and Consumer Protection, Ispra, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Massimo","family":"Farina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"European Centre for the Validation of Alternative Methods, European Commission, Joint Research Centre, Institute for Health and Consumer Protection, Ispra, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alessio","family":"Munari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biomedical Material and Systems Unit, European Commission, Joint Research Centre, Institute for Health and Consumer Protection, Ispra, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maurice","family":"Whelan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biomedical Material and Systems Unit, European Commission, Joint Research Centre, Institute for Health and Consumer Protection, Ispra, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pascal","family":"Colpo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biomedical Material and Systems Unit, European Commission, Joint Research Centre, Institute for Health and Consumer Protection, Ispra, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Enrico","family":"Sabbioni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"European Centre for the Validation of Alternative Methods, European Commission, Joint Research Centre, Institute for Health and Consumer Protection, Ispra, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fran\u00e7ois","family":"Rossi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biomedical Material and Systems Unit, European Commission, Joint Research Centre, Institute for Health and Consumer Protection, Ispra, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2006,10,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-026119290603400508","unstructured":"Anon. (2001). White Paper on a Strategy for a Future Chemicals Policy (COM 2001)\n                      88\n                      final, 32 pp. Belgium, Brussels: The Commission of the European Communities. Website http:\/\/europa.eu.int\/comm\/environment\/chemicals\/whitepaper.htm (Accessed 15.09.06)."},{"key":"bibr2-026119290603400508","unstructured":"PerdersenF., de BruijinJ., MunnS. & Van LeeuwenK. (2003). Assessment of additional testing needs under REACH \u2014 effects of (Q)SARs, risk based testing and voluntary industry initiatives. 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