{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T08:07:31Z","timestamp":1777450051320,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,6,1]],"date-time":"2014-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1401580800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Altern Lab Anim"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The use of laboratory animals is still common practice, but some uses can be replaced by alternative methods, such as Virus Isolation in Cell Culture (VICC) instead of the Mouse Inoculation Test (MIT) for rabies diagnosis. The objective of this work was to describe current rabies diagnosis methods in Brazil and other countries, and the constraints associated with replacing this use of mice with alternative methods. Nine out of 12 Brazilian and 14 out of 43 non-Brazilian respondents reported that they currently used the MIT. Respondents in countries other than Brazil, male respondents, and those already employing in vitro methods for rabies diagnosis, expressed higher levels of support for the use of alternatives. The most frequently reported constraints associated with the use of alternatives were lack of laboratory facilities, equipment and materials (cited 17 times by respondents), and lack of financial resources (cited 15 times). The results indicate that many laboratories continue to use mice for rabies diagnosis. The proportion of laboratories that use mice appears to be especially high in Brazil, despite animal protection laws and technical guidelines that favour the use of alternatives. The barriers to the adoption of alternative methods identified in the current study provide a basis for facilitating changes in Brazil and elsewhere.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/026119291404200305","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,9]],"date-time":"2019-04-09T04:47:16Z","timestamp":1554785236000},"page":"171-179","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Perceived Barriers to the Adoption of Alternatives to Laboratory Animal Use for Rabies Diagnosis"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"42","author":[{"given":"Vanessa C.","family":"Bones","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Animal Welfare Laboratory, Agrarian Science Sector, Federal University of Paran\u00e1 (UFPR), Curitiba PR, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Helo\u00edsa C.","family":"Clemente","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Animal Welfare Laboratory, Agrarian Science Sector, Federal University of Paran\u00e1 (UFPR), Curitiba PR, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Daniel M.","family":"Weary","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Animal Welfare Program, Faculty of Land and Food Systems, University of British Columbia (UBC), Vancouver BC, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Carla F.M.","family":"Molento","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Animal Welfare Laboratory, Agrarian Science Sector, Federal University of Paran\u00e1 (UFPR), Curitiba PR, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,6,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-026119291404200305","unstructured":"Anon. (2008). Lei n\u00b0 11.794, de 8 de Outubro de 2008. Bras\u00edlia, DF, Brazil: Imprensa Nacional. Available at: http:\/\/www.planalto.gov.br\/ccivil_03\/_Ato2007-2010\/2008\/Lei\/L11794.htm (Accessed 15.05.14)."},{"key":"bibr2-026119291404200305","unstructured":"Anon. (1998). Lei Federal n\u00b0 9.605, de 12 de Fevereiro de 1998. Bras\u00edlia, DF, Brazil: Imprensa Nacional. Available at: http:\/\/www.planalto.gov.br\/ccivil_03\/Leis\/L9605.htm (Accessed 15.05.14)."},{"key":"bibr3-026119291404200305","unstructured":"WHO (2013). Rabies, Fact Sheet No. 99. Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organisation. Available at: http:\/\/www.who.int\/mediacentre\/factsheets\/fs099\/en\/ (Accessed 15.05.14)."},{"key":"bibr4-026119291404200305","unstructured":"OIE (2011). Terrestrial Manual, Chapter 2.1.13, Rabies, 28pp. Paris, France: World Organisation for Animal Health. Available at: http:\/\/www.oie.int\/fileadmin\/Home\/eng\/Health_standards\/tahm\/2.01.13_RABIES.pdf (Accessed 15.05.14)."},{"key":"bibr5-026119291404200305","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jviromet.2011.06.004"},{"key":"bibr6-026119291404200305","unstructured":"Anon. (2008). Manual de Diagn\u00f3stico Laboratorial da Raiva. Series A: Normas e Manuais T\u00e9cnicos, 106pp. Bras\u00edlia, DF, Brazil: Minist\u00e9rio da Sa\u00fade."},{"key":"bibr7-026119291404200305","unstructured":"WHO (2013). WHO Expert Consultation on Rabies. WHO Technical Report Series, Second report, 150pp. Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organisation Press. Available at: http:\/\/apps.who.int\/iris\/bitstream\/10665\/85346\/1\/9789240690943_eng.pdf?ua=1 (Accessed 15.05.14)."},{"key":"bibr8-026119291404200305","unstructured":"MAPA (2009). Controle da Raiva dos Herb\u00edvoros: Manual T\u00e9cnico, 2nd edn, 122pp. Bras\u00edlia, DF, Brazil: Minist\u00e9rio da Agricultura, Pecu\u00e1ria e Abastecimento. Available at: http:\/\/www.agricultura.gov.br\/arq_editor\/file\/Aniamal\/programa%20nacional%20dos%20herbivoros\/manual%20tecnico%20para%20controle%20da%20raiva.pdf (Accessed 08.11.12)."},{"key":"bibr9-026119291404200305","first-page":"9","volume":"6","author":"Ahmad R.","year":"2006","journal-title":"Integrated Assessment"},{"key":"bibr10-026119291404200305","unstructured":"PalysT. (2003). Research Decisions: Quantitative and Qualitative Perspectives, 3rd edn, 426pp. Scarborough, CA, USA: Thomson Nelson."},{"key":"bibr11-026119291404200305","unstructured":"AlexandreJ.W.C., AndradeD.F., VasconcelosA.P., AraujoA.M.S. & BatistaM.J. (2003). An\u00e1lise do n\u00famero de categorias da escala de Likert aplicada \u00e0 gest\u00e3o pela qualidade total atrav\u00e9s da teoria da resposta ao item. Proceedings of the XXIII ENEGEP, 21\u201324 October 2003, Ouro Preto, MG, Brazil. Available at: http:\/\/www.abepro.org.br\/biblioteca\/ENEGEP2003_TR0201_0741.pdf (Accessed 15.05.14)."},{"key":"bibr12-026119291404200305","unstructured":"LefevreF. & LefevreA.M.C. (2010). As Liga\u00e7\u00f5es Diretas e as Representa\u00e7\u00f5es Sociais. S\u00e3o Paulo, SP, Brazil: Instituto de Pesquisa do Discurso do Sujeito Coletivo."},{"key":"bibr13-026119291404200305","unstructured":"MachadoR.R. (2011). Rede de Laborat\u00f3rios de Diagn\u00f3stico para Raiva, 18pp. S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil: Secretaria da Sa\u00fade. Available at: http:\/\/www.saude.sp.gov.br\/resources\/instituto-pasteur\/pdf\/redelar\/brasil_rosangela_machado_raivasp14_09_11_reparado.pdf (Accessed 20.05.14)."},{"key":"bibr14-026119291404200305","unstructured":"WHO (2012). WHO Collaborating Centres for Rabies Research. Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organisation. Available at: http:\/\/www.who-rabies-bulletin.org\/service\/Links_WHO-CC.aspx (Accessed 20.05.14)."},{"key":"bibr15-026119291404200305","unstructured":"OIE (2012). Reference Experts and Laboratories. Paris, France: World Organisation for Animal Health. Available at: http:\/\/www.oie.int\/our-scientific-expertise\/reference-laboratories\/list-of-laboratories\/ (Accessed 20.05.14)."},{"key":"bibr16-026119291404200305","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2752\/089279308X274047"},{"key":"bibr17-026119291404200305","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1163\/156853093X00037"},{"key":"bibr18-026119291404200305","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1163\/156853094X00126"},{"key":"bibr19-026119291404200305","unstructured":"RussellW.M.S. & BurchR.L. (1992). The Principles of Humane Experimental Technique, 238pp. London, UK: Methuen."},{"key":"bibr20-026119291404200305","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yrtph.2012.05.006"},{"key":"bibr21-026119291404200305","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0022478"},{"key":"bibr22-026119291404200305","unstructured":"LowP. (2012). The Cambridge Declaration on Consciousness (ed. PankseppJ., ReissD., EdelmanD., Van SwinderenB., LowP. & KochC.), 2pp. Available at: http:\/\/fcmconference.org\/img\/CambridgeDeclarationOnConsciousness.pdf (Accessed 20.05.14)."},{"key":"bibr23-026119291404200305","first-page":"327","volume":"36","author":"Taylor K.","year":"2008","journal-title":"ATLA"},{"key":"bibr24-026119291404200305","first-page":"29","volume":"38","author":"Silla V.C.B.","year":"2010","journal-title":"ATLA"}],"container-title":["Alternatives to Laboratory Animals"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/026119291404200305","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/026119291404200305","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T12:42:24Z","timestamp":1777380144000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/026119291404200305"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014,6]]},"references-count":24,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,6]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/026119291404200305"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/026119291404200305","relation":{},"ISSN":["0261-1929","2632-3559"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0261-1929","type":"print"},{"value":"2632-3559","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2014,6]]}}}